Sentences with phrase «cases isotopic composition»
The net rate of CH4 emissions is generally estimated from three approaches: (1) extrapolation from direct flux measurements and observations, (2) process - based modelling (bottom - up approach) and (3) inverse modelling that relies on spatially distributed, temporally continuous observations of concentration, and in some cases isotopic composition in the atmosphere (top - down approach).
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This temperature curve, established using an isotopic thermometer, is widely applied for reconstruction of past environmental conditions and in this case, is based on the isotopic composition of the oxygen contained in the fossilised remains of fossil marine fish (bone, teeth, scales).