Sentences with phrase «causal effects of factors»

More robust approaches for identifying the causal effects of factors influencing health, such as the methods applied in this study, are required if we are to make recommendations for public health based on reliable evidence.»

Not exact matches

Our results don't really allow us to accurately predict the size of the effect — they're more about providing evidence that the relationship is actually causal, rather than the result of confounding or common risk factors.»

A potential explanation for the secular trend may be that while improved treatment for cardiovascular risk factors or complicating diseases has reduced mortality in all weight classes, the effects may have been greater at higher BMI levels than at lower BMI levels.12 Because obesity is a causal risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia,15,19 - 22 obese individuals may have had a higher selective decrease in mortality.18 Indirect evidence of this effect is seen in the findings as the deaths occur at similar time periods in the 3 cohorts, but cohorts recruited at later periods have an increase in the BMI associated with the lowest mortality, possibly suggesting a period effect related to changes in clinical practice, such as improved treatments, or general public health status, such as decreased smoking or increased physical activity.

Identifying truly causal effects out of this tangled web of related measures requires some sort of external shock to the system — an outside factor that affects tuition and / or institutional expenditures, but has no independent effect on student enrollment or degree completion.

While we can not conclusively attribute the effects found to the causal effect of domestic violence per se, we can exploit the timing of the domestic violence filings to provide suggestive evidence of whether the negative spillovers are due to domestic violence or some other factor correlated with it.

This makes it difficult to confidently assess the causal effects of the program, separate from pre-existing characteristics which may simultaneously affect both who participates in FWS as well as subsequent academic and labor market outcomes (factors such as student's academic ability, organization, or motivation).

This includes evidence from four separate studies that have directly tested whether VAMs measure correlation or causation... All four of these studies reach the same conclusion: VAMs that control for students» lagged test scores primarily capture teachers» causal effects rather than correlations due to other factors not captured in the model.

While there is not a clear causal effect between a teacher's own academic record and his or her ability to achieve the kinds of learning gains that help students excel, most studies do find a correlation between higher GPA and teacher effectiveness.43 Taken in aggregate with other factors, such as experience and rank of undergraduate school, some studies have found larger positive impacts, especially for math achievement.44 For this reason, a high GPA should not be the only factor that determines entry into the profession.

As a result, the estimated effect of resources is confounded by other factors (such as student need) and may not identify the true causal effect of additional funding.

Both casual relationships are operative at all times: In the 19th and 20th centuries, the temperature - driving CO2 causal relationship amplified the original temperature effect, as one of several factors leading to a net positive feedback on temperature due to CO2 increase, and a climate sensitivity of about 3C for a doubling of CO2 — a number verified multiple times by calculation from proxy data from multiple epochs in Earths prehistoric past.

It is unclear if the association is causal or rather if substance abuse is secondary to another factor, such as depression or hopelessness.9 In the present study, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use remained significant even when the effects of other factors, including a measure of emotional health, were taken into account.

His research includes investigating the effects of community - level factors, maternal psychosocial factors (e.g., trauma), and offspring epigenetic influences on early childhood development; the evaluation of approaches to improve service engagement; and the use of quasi-experimental methods and large administrative datasets to estimate the causal effects of home visiting on maternal and child health outcomes.