Sentences with phrase «caused by layers»

Inversions caused by these layers of air would have also helped to create temperatures that were vastly different - mostly lower - than they might otherwise have been.

You can even sometimes see the tan / brown buildup at the gum line caused by layers of bacteria.

Another was an 18 - meter - long delamination (fissure caused by layer separation), found at the Crystal River Nuclear Power Plant in Florida the same year.

Local artifacts in ice core methane records caused by layered bubble trapping and in situ production: a multi-site investigation, Climate of the Past, 12, p. 1061 - 1077.

Not exact matches

We managed to stop putting a hole in the ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that were causing it (cholofluorocarbons) and, as a result, the hole is closing and there are millions fewer cases of skin cancer than there would otherwise have been.

We have, for example, already taken some measures to deal with one of the probable causes of the growing holes in the ozone layer, and to reverse the destruction of European forests by acid rain.

Within a Universe of convergent structure the only possible way in which an element can draw closer to its neighboring elements is by tightening the cone — that is to say, by causing the whole layer of the world of which it is a part to move towards the apex.

By the late 1980s it became clear that global atmospheric pollution causing both the greenhouse effect and the hole in the ozone layer had become critical threats to life on earth (Henderson - Sellers & Blong 1989).

Marshalling convincing scientific data, they tell us that the environmental degradation caused by massive pollution of air water and land, threatens the very life of earth — fast depletion of non renewal resources, indeed of species themselves, the thinning of the ozone layer that exposes all living creatures to the danger of radiation, the build up of gases creating the greenhouse effect, increasing erosion by the sea — all these are brought out through their research.

There are a few things that could cause the caramel to be too runny: — adding water to the sugar for the caramelisation part (in this recipe, you melt and caramelise the sugar with no water added; if you do add water, it might end up runnier), — not «caramelising» the sugar enough (but that changes the consistency by only a few percent), — not cooking the butter and caramelised sugar mixture long enough (it really needs to be a few minutes), — not using double cream but whipping cream or something with a lower fat content, — not allowing the caramel to set in the fridge for a few hours (the caramel should set into a sticky layer that should be able to be cut and isn't runny).

Researchers found that all varieties had protective properties, with the outer layers of the red variety being a particularly rich source of quercetin, and showing significant protection of DNA damage caused by free radicals.

Irritant contact dermatitis can be caused by laundry detergents that irritate the skin by wearing down the skin's oily, protective layer on skin surface resulting in itchy, dry skin.

Because it cleans by corrosion, it strips away layers of your skin, which can cause irritation and affect your body's natural ability to produce moisture.

Last weekend, the river was taken over by vegetation, caused by a heavy storm, which created a compacted layer over the river.

All of Earth's layers, from core to crust, are in constant motion, caused by the flow of heat.

By studying these chemical signatures in the ash layer, Lane's team was able to estimate that Toba's eruption caused a minor, brief cooling of about 1.5 °C over a period of 20 to 30 years (PNAS, doi.org/mdw).

As for the increase in phosphorus content, it was caused by the phosphorus that in the summer of 2014 flowed in from the deep waters in the north of the Baltic Sea main basin and the phosphorus that was released from the Gulf of Finland's own seabed in the poor oxygen conditions and mixed with the surface layer during last winter.

In the boundary layer, air pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European pollution from the north.

The elevated algae levels were caused by the higher phosphate phosphorus content of the surface layer before the growth season compared to last year.

What is more, heating caused by entry into the atmosphere is unlikely to heat anything more than a thin layer around the outside of rocks, forming what is known as a «fusion crust».

The crack appears to be a pop - up, or A-tent, a geological feature caused by rock layers springing up after weight above them is suddenly removed.

The probable release of water molecules from the hydration layer of ions caused by cluster formation may result in an increased number of degrees of freedom of the system.

Scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU Singapore) at its Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) have discovered a way to forecast earthquakes based on slow fault movements caused by moving sub layers of Earth.

Jessup wrote a computer program that uses images from standard infrared cameras to analyze temperature changes in the top layer of the oceans» waters caused by breaking waves.

Known as 2014J, this was a Type la supernova caused by the explosion of a white dwarf star, the inner core of star once it has run out of nuclear fuel and ejected its outer layers.

Wastewater created during oil and gas production and disposed of by deep injection into underlying rock layers is the probable cause for a surge in earthquakes in southern Kansas since 2013, a new report in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America concludes.

The Ozone Satellite, 1991 - 2011: It proved the damage caused by CFCs, helped predict climate changes, and saw the beginning of the recovery of the ozone layer.

When ice starts to form through other means — like frost caused by condensation buildup — the bottom layer kicks into action.

About half of the resistance was caused by the gap, which introduced a large barrier, about 1 electron volt (1eV), to the electrons trying to move between layers.

And on Santiago Island, 55 kilometers away, researchers have found sand layers likely deposited by the one or more tsunamis caused by the collapse.

A final possibility is that there has been increased formation of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere — perhaps caused by the thinning of the ozone layer, which allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach low levels.

The haze is caused by forest clearing in Indonesia during the annual dry season, particularly when fires are set to clear undergrowth which then spark fires in layers of peat.

In the findings just published, the researchers have covered the sensitive layer of perovskite with a few atomic layers of aluminum oxide to protect against degradation caused by humidity.

It proved the damage caused by CFCs, helped predict climate changes, and saw the beginning of the recovery of the ozone layer.

The increased wind speeds seem to be a result of cooling in the upper atmosphere, caused by the hole in the ozone layer above the pole, which is of course the result of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) pollution.

To study this barrier and determine why a lack of blood flow causes it to leak, the researchers built a blood - vessel - on - a-chip model consisting of a channel lined with a layer of human endothelial cells surrounded by extracellular matrix within a microfluidic device, which allowed them to easily simulate and control the flow of blood through a vessel and evaluate the cells» responses.

Rather than using the stresses caused by the temperature - dependent surface tension directly to pattern the film, the group's approach relies on the flow pattern in the thicker layer to deform the thinner film beneath.

Since different semiconductor crystals typically have different lattice constants, layer - by - layer growth of different semiconductors will cause defects, stress, and ultimately bad crystals, killing light emission properties.»

Once the ice melted, driven by a runaway greenhouse effect caused by volcanic eruptions, it formed a freshwater layer up to 2 kilometres thick.

The ions in the salt water were enough to cause friction and generate electricity in the gel layers, providing 110 volts of electricity — nearly as much as is supplied by wall sockets in the US.

The only significant difference was increased staining of the cornea (the clear outer layer of the eye) caused by melimine - coated lenses.

The whole country is aware that it is increased ultraviolet light caused by the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica that makes the sun so vicious.

This trapping phenomenon, very dependent on train speed, could cause degradation in the ballast layer, as the energy provided by the train passing dissipates by the grains rubbing together.

The ozone layer acts as Earth's sunscreen by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from incoming sunlight that can cause skin cancer and damage plants, among other harmful effects to life on Earth.

Studying a new type of pinhead - size, lab - grown brain made with technology first suggested by three high school students, Johns Hopkins researchers have confirmed a key way in which Zika virus causes microcephaly and other damage in fetal brains: by infecting specialized stem cells that build its outer layer, the cortex.

20 February 2018 — Wastewater created during oil and gas production and disposed of by deep injection into underlying rock layers is the probable cause for a surge in earthquakes in southern Kansas since 2013, a new report in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America concludes.

Breaches in these layers, which can be caused by physical trauma or some sexually transmitted diseases, allow HIV to bypass the protective surface to access immune cells that can be infected by HIV.

Both rigid and flexible based OSCs and PSCs shows improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) owing to the absorption enhancement in photoactive layer cause by light trapping effect of MCA.

This research points to exciting new possibilities for preventing or reversing the disabling vision loss caused by age - related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and other diseases that damage the retina, the layer of light - sensitive nerve cells that line the back of the eye.

If the recent intensification of the cool spot were caused by a recent AMOC slowdown you would expect to see warming of intermediate waters under a cool fresh water surface layer.