Sentences with phrase «caused by neurons»

«For example, one thing we found was that goose bumps and nipple erection are caused by neurons that are specialised to regulate these functions by controlling the erectile muscles in these tissues.»

Meaning and morality are illusions caused by neurons and hormones.

Not exact matches

Researchers have determined that Konzo is a motor neuron disease caused by the toxic effects of cassava consumption.

We know from cases of brain damage and the effects of psychoactive drugs, that our experiences are caused by physical chemistry acting on our physical neurons in our brains.

Although the prevailing idea has been that the devastating disease, which strikes some 1 percent of U.S. adults, is primarily caused by something going wrong with neurons, the scientists suspected the brain's support cells, called glia.

Although other neuronal cell types are affected, medium spiny neurons bear the brunt of the damage caused by Huntington's disease.

Parkinsonian Power Failure: Neuron Degeneration May Be Caused by a Cellular Energy System Breakdown

The hope is to find the equivalent neurons in people, and then to work out how to suppress them, via drugs or electrical pulses, in order to relieve itchiness caused by skin problems such as scabies, eczema and psoriasis.

Researchers at Geron, meanwhile, had successfully derived neurons from human embryonic stem cells and were pursuing research that would eventually look to repair the damage caused by spinal - cord injuries, a possible use for embryonic stem cells that was much touted at the time.

Like ECOG, EEG relies on brain signals picked up by an array of electrodes that are sensitive to the subtle voltage oscillations caused by the firing of groups of neurons.

University of Tsukuba - led researchers show that moderate exercise may improve hippocampal memory dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetes and that enhanced transport of lactate to neurons may be the underlying mechanism

STT neurons fired in response, but scratching the skin caused the frequency of the firing to drop in some of the neurons, indicating that these are the ones targeted by scratching (Nature Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1038 / nn.2292).

He specifically wants to expand the population of stem cells that will induce regeneration of neurons and blood vessels in patients who have suffered a hemorrhagic stroke, the kind of stroke which is caused by blood clot.

ALD, for instance, is caused by mutations in a gene called ABCD1, leading to unusually high levels of a type of fatty acid that damages the material insulating some neurons.

It is thought to be caused by a reorganisation of the brain's auditory cortex, so too many neurons respond to particular sound frequencies.

Mostly caused by an inherited flaw in the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene, SMA is presently without a cure.

Huntington's disease is caused by an expansion of glutamine residues in the huntingtin protein, altering its function and ultimately resulting in toxic aggregation of huntingtin fragments in neurons.

Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the death of neurons and other cells in the brain, with different diseases affecting different regions of the brain.

Parkinson's disease is caused by the death of neurons in the brain that produce dopamine, a chemical that shuttles signals between neurons and is responsible for controlling the body's movement.

The disease is caused by the accumulation of abnormally shaped α - synuclein proteins in neurons, leading to particularly toxic effects in dopamine - releasing cells located in brain regions that control movement.

What's more, by controlling the timing of an electrical stimulus, Malenka and UCSF researchers conclusively demonstrated that they could cause more AMPA receptors to appear on the outer membrane of a receiving neuron — or, conversely, to disappear.

A study in the International Society for Stem Cell Research's journal Stem Cell Reports, published by Cell Press on November 20 shows that a Sox2 protein, alone or in combination with another protein, Ascl1, can cause nonneuronal cells, called NG2 glia, to turn into neurons in the injured cerebral cortex of adult mice.

Their findings, reported June 17 in the journal Neuron, could lead to treatments for chronic pain conditions caused by nerve damage, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), as well as chronic inflammation, like rheumatoid arthritis.

Acetaminophen can cross the placental barrier, Ritz noted, and it is plausible that acetaminophen may interrupt fetal brain development by interfering with maternal hormones or through neurotoxicity, such as the induction of oxidative stress, which can cause the death of neurons.

By allowing the current to continue, he could cause the neuron to fire, or — by cutting the signal off — stop it from firing altogetheBy allowing the current to continue, he could cause the neuron to fire, or — by cutting the signal off — stop it from firing altogetheby cutting the signal off — stop it from firing altogether.

«Alzheimer's brains usually contain evidence of neuroinflammation, and researchers increasingly think that this could be a possible driver of the disease, by causing neurons in the brain to degenerate,» says David Emery, a researcher from the University of Bristol, and an author on the study, which was recently published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.

Described in the January 7th issue of Neuron, the technique uses «deep,» highly sensitive whole - genome sequencing of single neurons and a new technology that identifies inserted bits of DNA caused by retrotransposons, one of several kinds of so - called somatic mutations that can arise as the brain develops.

It is caused by the loss of brain cells (neurons) that produce dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter that allows neurons to «talk» to each other.

PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, primarily caused by the death of dopamine - containing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain involved in motor control.

Huntington's disease, for example, is caused by aggregating proteins inside brain neurons that ultimately lead to motor dysfunction, personality changes, depression and dementia, usually progressing rapidly after onset in people's 40s.

Taken together, the findings demonstrate that the GRN mutation causes the defect in cortical neuron formation by altering the Wnt signaling pathway.

In a study led by Duke Health and published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, scientists demonstrate in rats that a short duration of the drug donepezil can reverse both structural and genetic damage that bouts of alcohol use causes in neurons, or nerve cells, in the young brain.

The results indicate that the facilitation is caused by an increase in the number of transmitter quanta released by the presynaptic neuron.

The symptoms are caused by the degeneration and loss of neurons in the brain, particularly those crucial for the initiation and coordination of movement.

Using cell cultures, the research team also found two ways to prevent the toxicity caused by alpha - synuclein: gene therapy that forced the neurons to make more TOM20 protein protected them from the alpha - synuclein; and a protein that was able to prevent alpha - synuclein from sticking to TOM20 prevented alpha - synuclein's harmful effects on mitochondria.

In a closing set of experiments, the researchers examined neurons obtained from mice with the most common inherited form of ALS, one caused by mutations in a gene called SOD1.

Duman and his colleagues are trying to learn lessons from ketamine, an anesthetic and painkiller that is also sold illicitly under the name «Special K.» The group has shown in rats that ketamine rapidly causes neurons to make new contacts with one another and, apparently by so doing, produces antidepressant effects.

Researchers believe that these amyloid aggregates, also seen in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, ultimately cause CJD by interfering with or killing off neurons en masse.

SMA is caused by a mutation in a gene that is vital for the survival of nerve cells that connect the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, known as motor neurons.

This is caused by the loss of neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.

A scent's location on the map also predicts the brain activity caused by getting a whiff: previous research in a variety of animals such as fruit flies, honeybees, mice, rats and tadpoles showed that neighboring odors cause similar patterns of neuron activity.

Montani suspects that the breakdown of neurons could be caused by reduced synthesis of lipids in the myelinating cells of the nervous system, among other factors.

The study, published Feb. 16 in PLOS Biology, made use of a mutant zebrafish strain that models human Hirschsprung disease, which is caused by loss of the gut neurons that coordinate gut contractions.

«Interestingly, even the slightest manipulation of this balance changes the pattern of blood vessel growth, causing the blood vessels to grow into the motor neuron region prematurely,» explains the first author of the study, Patricia Himmels, a doctoral candidate in the research group led by Dr Ruiz de Almodóvar.

«By blocking this message, the mutant GlyRS enzyme causes the motor neurons to go into decline and even die, which breaks the connection between the brain and the muscles in the limbs.»

Martinez - Trujillo hopes that by pinpointing the specific neurons responsible for distinguishing between reality and imagination, they might be better able to treat disorders like schizophrenia that cause patients to confuse what's real and what isn't.

Building on that work, the current paper looked at a less lethal strain, the H1N1 «swine flu,» that does not infect neurons, but which, the researchers showed, still caused inflammation in the brain via inflammatory chemicals or cytokines released by immune cells involved in fighting the infection.

Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by a genetic mutation that triggers the loss of spinal cord motor neurons — neurons that help control the body's movements.

Alzheimer's disease, a major source of dementia and memory loss in the elderly, is caused by the accumulation of protein plaques which choke neurons in the brain.

It is thought to work by causing serotonin transporters to reverse direction, pumping serotonin out of neurons instead of sucking it back in.