If the states that had not done annual testing improve their test scores more than the states that did annual testing, the findings suggest annual testing
causes higher test scores.
But you don't emphasize an important point: Whatever benefits students experienced in kindergarten that resulted in higher test scores, they did not
cause higher test scores in later grades — even though they produced better later - life outcomes.
Not exact matches
But the team doesn't know what aspect of fracking
caused the low birth weights, which put babies at
higher risk for infant mortality, asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, lower
test scores, and lower lifetime earnings.
Indeed, members of the public who
score the
highest on a climate - science literacy
test are the most politically polarized on whether human activity is
causing global temperatures to rise.
As mentioned earlier,
high - stakes
testing poses the risk that it may
cause teachers and schools to adjust their effort toward the least costly (in terms of dollars or effort) way of boosting
test scores, possibly at the expense of other constructive actions.
The standards are still very much alive; cut
scores are dramatically
higher than ever; school - level comparability is largely a lost
cause; and the quality of what matters the most — the
tests and the classroom instruction — remains mostly unknown at present.
He wrote that «undue emphasis upon average
test results, upon school - to - school and teacher - to - teacher comparisons... may
cause the teacher... to neglect the interests of the pupils, and to be concerned instead with subject matter objectives and with
higher average
scores for their own sake.
The idea of financial incentives is based on logic that economists find eminently sensible — workers work harder when money is at stake, so giving teachers
higher pay for
higher test scores should
cause test scores to go up.
The misuse of and over-emphasis on
test scores caused by pressures from media, corporate - style education reformers, and misguided federal laws has forced schools nationwide to teach to these
tests, focusing one - sidedly on rote skills and ignoring
higher - level thinking.
In other words, although
high stakes may
cause test scores to rise on a particular assessment, those
scores may not reflect true gains in student learning.
2) Decades of research into the
causes of the gap in
test scores between low - income and
high - income students in the United States has consistently found a limited contribution from school - based factors.