Sentences with phrase «cell components called»

«We have ample evidence that hundreds of the oldest ribosomal proteins still start with a valine or a leucine code and do not have the codon for methionine in the DNA,» Duax said, referring to proteins found in basic cell components called ribosomes.

Not exact matches

The molecule — called VCP — is a component of the infected cell rather than a substance produced by the virus itself.

The team established that an enzyme called LPCAT3 (Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3) is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a type of compound lipid that is a major component of cell membranes.

Seeking to illuminate a piece of this biological puzzle, an international team of scientists, including UC Santa Barbara cell biologist Diego Acosta - Alvear, examined the role of a central UPR component, a stress sensor protein called IRE1 (inositol - requiring enzyme 1), in atherosclerosis.

Endosomes are machinery that tumor cells, via a process called endocytosis, can use to incorporate components into their environment and obtain energy by degrading them via autodigestion or autophagy.

It belongs to a group of chemicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which scientists suspect to have a damaging effect on cells and their components.

Fuel Cells Electricity from any source, such as solar, wind and even coal, can be used to break up water molecules into their hydrogen and oxygen components in a device called an electrolyzer.

The target for ibrutinib, an enzyme called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), is a key component of B - cell receptor signaling.

To find out why, computational biologists came up with a computer model to predict how microbial metabolism and cellular composition change as cell size varies, using details about how much space a bacterium needs for its components — DNA, proteins, and the molecular factories called ribosomes — to function.

This metabolic demand makes brain cells particularly vulnerable to damage from oxidative stress, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS), sometimes called free radicals, exert toxic effects on cellular components.

Now, scientists have discovered a key component of this ancient navigational system in rats: a group of neurons called «speed cells» that alter their firing rates with the pace at which the rodents run.

This jump - started cell division is called immune cell activation and is an important component of both normal immune responses and autoimmune reactions.

Biologists have shown that increasing the amounts of a gene called AMPK in the fruit fly's intestine increases its lifespan by 30 %, possibly by increasing the cell's ability to degrade old components.

The surprising discovery made by the Dresden - based researchers: two components in the stem cell environment — the extracellular matrix and thyroid hormones — work together with a protein molecule found on the stem cell surface, a so - called integrin.

Looking for immune abnormalities throughout the lifespan of the mice, the group found that most immune system components stayed the same in number, but a type of brain - resident immune cells called microglia that are known first responders to infection begin to divide and change early in the disease.

One drug, Protolin, contains bacterial components that rev up immune - system cells in the brain, called microglia, to chew through the beta - amyloid.

The method is called «3D Structure Identification of Nanoparticles by Graphene Liquid Cell EM (SINGLE)» and it exceeds previous techniques by combining three recently developed components.

The so - called Human Genome Project — Write aims to synthesize entire genomes from their chemical components and get them to function in living cells.

As we age, the nitric oxide meant to cause dilation is increasingly destroyed by reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, which are produced by many components of our body's own cells, including organelles called mitochondria.

Scientists have peered into the eye - like structure of single - celled marine plankton called warnowiids and found it contains many of the components of a complex eye.

Together, the COMPASS proteins add chemical tags called methyl groups to a component of a cell's DNA packaging machinery called a histone.

The Arf6 pathway may also boost the drug resistance of breast cancer cells, and Hashimoto et al. found that inhibiting Rab11b, or a component of the Arf6 pathway called EPB41L5, increased the sensitivity of MDA - MB - 231 cells to two different cytotoxic compounds.

The scientists got another surprise when they followed up on this finding with mouse experiments that exposed specialized kidney cells called «podocytes», a key component of the blood filtering, to high levels of glucose.

A few years ago, Dr. Funderburgh and other University of Pittsburgh researchers identified stem cells in a layer of the cornea called the stroma, and they recently showed that even after many rounds of expansion in the lab, these cells continued to produce the biochemical components, or matrix, of the cornea.

Given that they can not use a host cell, production of replication incompetent virus particles is achieved by particular cells that are able to replicate the viral genome (called packaging cells) and necessitates the presence of other plasmids besides the original viral vector (called helper plasmids or packaging plasmids) that provide replication machinery and virus structural components.

Professor Nizetic, calling for further research into the components of the disturbed cascade he and his team have revealed said; «We hope that further research might lead to clues for the design of new therapeutic approaches tackling developmental delay, mental retardation, ageing and regeneration of brain cells, and Alzheimer's disease.

They report in the February issue of Development that support cells called anterior escort cells, located next to the germline stem cells, are a required component of the niche.

This theoretical feat involved two key components: (1) a fertilized egg that has had its nucleus removed (what is called «enucleated»), and (2) a nucleus from an older cell.

Quigley calls this isolation «a hard chore,» but once done, these antigens should be cell molecules that are essential components for metastasis and, perhaps, eventual targets for therapeutics.

Susan Amara, USA - «Regulation of transporter function and trafficking by amphetamines, Structure - function relationships in excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), Modulation of dopamine transporters (DAT) by GPCRs, Genetics and functional analyses of human trace amine receptors» Tom I. Bonner, USA (Past Core Member)- Genomics, G protein coupled receptors Michel Bouvier, Canada - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - Coupled Receptors; Molecular mechanisms controlling the selectivity and efficacy of GPCR signalling Thomas Burris, USA - Nuclear Receptor Pharmacology and Drug Discovery William A. Catterall, USA (Past Core Member)- The Molecular Basis of Electrical Excitability Steven Charlton, UK - Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Moses Chao, USA - Mechanisms of Neurotophin Receptor Signaling Mark Coles, UK - Cellular differentiation, human embryonic stem cells, stromal cells, haematopoietic stem cells, organogenesis, lymphoid microenvironments, develomental immunology Steven L. Colletti, USA Graham L Collingridge, UK Philippe Delerive, France - Metabolic Research (diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardio - vascular diseases, nuclear hormone receptor, GPCRs, kinases) Sir Colin T. Dollery, UK (Founder and Past Core Member) Richard M. Eglen, UK Stephen M. Foord, UK David Gloriam, Denmark - GPCRs, databases, computational drug design, orphan recetpors Gillian Gray, UK Debbie Hay, New Zealand - G protein - coupled receptors, peptide receptors, CGRP, Amylin, Adrenomedullin, Migraine, Diabetes / obesity Allyn C. Howlett, USA Franz Hofmann, Germany - Voltage dependent calcium channels and the positive inotropic effect of beta adrenergic stimulation; cardiovascular function of cGMP protein kinase Yu Huang, Hong Kong - Endothelial and Metabolic Dysfunction, and Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Estrogen Deficiency, Endothelium - derived Contracting Factors in the Regulation of Vascular Tone, Adipose Tissue Regulation of Vascular Function in Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension, Pharmacological Characterization of New Anti-diabetic and Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Hypotensive and antioxidant Actions of Biologically Active Components of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Natural Plants including Polypehnols and Ginsenosides Adriaan P. IJzerman, The Netherlands - G protein - coupled receptors; allosteric modulation; binding kinetics Michael F Jarvis, USA - Purines and Purinergic Receptors and Voltage-gated ion channel (sodium and calcium) pharmacology Pain mechanisms Research Reproducibility Bong - Kiun Kaang, Korea - G protein - coupled receptors; Glutamate receptors; Neuropsychiatric disorders Eamonn Kelly, Prof, UK - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - coupled receptors, in particular opioid receptors, regulation of GPCRs by kinasis and arrestins Terry Kenakin, USA - Drug receptor pharmacodynamics, receptor theory Janos Kiss, Hungary - Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease Stefan Knapp, Germany - Rational design of highly selective inhibitors (so call chemical probes) targeting protein kinases as well as protein interaction inhibitors of the bromodomain family Andrew Knight, UK Chris Langmead, Australia - Drug discovery, GPCRs, neuroscience and analytical pharmacology Vincent Laudet, France (Past Core Member)- Evolution of the Nuclear Receptor / Ligand couple Margaret R. MacLean, UK - Serotonin, endothelin, estrogen, microRNAs and pulmonary hyperten Neil Marrion, UK - Calcium - activated potassium channels, neuronal excitability Fiona Marshall, UK - GPCR molecular pharmacology, structure and drug discovery Alistair Mathie, UK - Ion channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transporters

«In these people, gliadin, one of the components of gluten, stimulates the release of a substance called zonulin when it makes contact with the cells of the small intestine,» says nutritionist and naturopath Sarah Luck.

Thousands of coiled fine - touch mechanoreceptors called Meissner's corpuscles, the most important sensory component of the foreskin, encapsulated Vater - Pacinian cells, Merkel's cells, nociceptors, and branches of the dorsal nerve and perineal nerve.

β - Glucans belong to a group of physiologically active compounds called «biological response modifiers» and represent highly conserved structural components of cells walls in yeast, fungi, and seaweed.

Manganese is also a component of an essential enzyme called superoxide dismutase, which is found in the cells» mitochondria and plays the vital role of protecting the cells from damage induced by free radicals.

These cells, along with dendritic cells, recognize the incoming undigested food particles, toxic agents, and bacterial components as foreign invaders, and present them to cells of the adaptive immune system called T and B lymphocytes, leading to clonal expansion (proliferation or multiplication of specific subsets of T and B cells) and recruitment of more pro-inflammatory immune cells to the gut through a process called leukocyte homing.

Most of your cells contain components called mitochondria, often referred to as the cell's «power plant.»

Leucine is both a component of muscle but also a potent signaling molecule for a protein called mTOR which, when activated, tells muscle cells to collect and store amino acids.

The whey component of milk contains a group of natural sulfur - containing substances called biothiols that help produce a key antioxidant in your cells called glutathione.

Because many flavonoids — and especially those belonging to two flavonoid subgroups called flavonols and flavan -3-ols — can be effective in reducing free radical damage to cells and other components in body tissue, they provide antioxidant benefits.

This fluid may contains cellular debris, toxins, cancer cells, bacteria, and viruses, as it flows to filters, called lymph nodes, which are central components of the immune system.

A flavorful component of cinnamon oil, called cinnamaldehyde, may help prevent colon cancer, according to a tissue culture study of human colon cancer cells published in the May 2010 issue of the journal «Molecules.»

The fight against infection results in an accumulation of white blood cells and other blood components commonly called pus.

The binding of antibodies can render key components of a microbe necessary for invasion or even survival ineffective or in some cases signal other cells of the immune system called macrophages to consume and remove the microbe.

Morley depicts details: each calibrated digital image as a whole is fragmented into a grid of small squares or «cells» as the artist calls them, from which Morley paints one discrete component at a time, turning the canvas upside down and sideways so that the abstract shape and color tonality of each part is addressed.

The fungi we now call «white rot fungi» perfected the evolution of organisms capable of eating trees - scientists classify fungi as white rot species when they have the ability to digest all of the components of the trees» cell walls, including the lignin.