Sentences with phrase «cell differentiation as»

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Describes the cell bank source for the iPSCs used as source material for differentiation into the offered cell types.

The difficulties associated with obtaining nerve tissue at the correct stage of development and differentiation from aborted embryos means that foetal tissue transplantation is no longer in favour, but the creation of human embryos specifically as sources of stem cells, and the push to use «spare» embryos from IVF treatments is gatheringmomentum.

As differentiation continues, various genes are «switched off» but stem cells, even in adults, retain a certain pluripotency in order to produce fully differentiated cells lost by damage or ageing.

Kauffman was trained as a physician, but gave up medical practice to study fundamental questions in biology: «I entered biology because the magnificent wonder of cell differentiation overwhelmed me» (HU94).

Stem cells have also been identified in human milk, and have the potential to differentiate into mammary epithelial lineages under mammary differentiation conditions in vitro, as well as other cell types in corresponding microenvironments, including bone cells, brain cells, liver cells, pancreatic beta cells and heart cells.

The research team, led by bioengineering professor Adam Engler, also found that a protein binding the stem cell to the hydrogel is not a factor in the differentiation of the stem cell as previously suggested.

It has been particularly difficult to measure changes in electrical functions of cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal cells in the brain or beating heart cells, both during their differentiation and in response to drugs.

The study focuses on «stemness,» defined as the potential for self - renewal and differentiation from the cell of origin, and on «stemness indices» developed during postdoctoral research conducted by Tathiane Malta as part of a project supported by FAPESP and with Houtan Noushmehr, a professor in FMRP - USP's Genetics Department, as principal investigator.

Exosomes had not previously been studied as a way to induce human stem cell differentiation.

One likely reason for this is that animals undergo cellular differentiation; human life begins as a single cell that differentiates into the various cell types needed for different organs, body parts, blood, the immune system, etc..

But like the medieval alchemists, today's cloning and stem cell biologists are working largely with processes they don't fully understand: What actually happens inside the oocyte to reprogram the nucleus is still a mystery, and scientists have a lot to learn before they can direct a cell's differentiation as smoothly as nature's program of development does every time fertilized egg gives rise to the multiple cell types that make up a live baby.

«This includes the cell division, cell growth and the differentiation into various cell types, such as shoots, leaves or fruit.

The study revealed that growth factors — especially one known as growth differentiation factor 9 — coming from the eggs drove the feeding tube multiplication and growth process, acting directly upon the genetic machinery of the follicle cells surrounding the egg.

Since Yamanaka's breakthrough, dozens of groups have reported other ways of reprogramming cells as well as techniques to control differentiation of stem cells into neurons, cardiovascular cells, and other tissues of interest for regenerative medicine.

For instance, it has already been shown that the prion protein participates in events such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

The Duke team had previously established that Type 2 cells produce surfactant and function as progenitors in adult mice, demonstrating differentiation into gas - exchanging Type 1 cells.

«We're excited about the application of CombiGEM to probe complex multifactorial phenotypes, such as stem cell differentiation, cancer biology, and synthetic circuits,» Lu says.

MAPK regulates cell functions, including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, cell division and a form of cell suicide known as apoptosis.

This process, called cell differentiation, gives rise to all the various cell types, such as nerve, muscle, or blood cells, which are diverse in shape and function and make up tissues and organs.

Using mice deficient in Del - 1, they found that the protein promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoetic stem cells, sending more of these progenitor cells down a path toward becoming myeloid cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, rather than lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells.

The notable differences in fluorescence intensity observed between normal cells and cancer cells, as well as different cancer types, provide important points of differentiation between different cell types and make these probes promising tools for cancer detection and diagnostics.

«So, it is not as though the cell takes a ticket at the beginning of its differentiation and then travels straight to its destination.

In the case of planarians, the gene egr - 4 seems to perform an early control of cell proliferation as a response to amputation, and be involved later in the early differentiation of brain during regeneration.

Not only did increased stress relaxation dramatically increase early osteogenic differentiation but those cells continued to grow as bone cells weeks after their initial differentiation and formed an interconnected mineralized matrix rich in collagen, key structural features of bone.

However, in developing brain cells, the researchers found TLR3 activation also influences 41 genes that add up to a double whammy in this model — diminished stem cell differentiation into brain cells and increased cell suicide, a carefully controlled process known as apoptosis.

Knowing how cells exert force and sense mechanical feedback in their microenvironment is crucial to understanding how they activate a wide range of cellular functions, such as cell reproduction, differentiation and adhesion — basic physiological processes that underlie embryo development, tumor metastasis, wound healing and many other aspects of human health and disease.

The authors uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms, as well as the gene network regulated by Sox9 during the early steps of skin tumor initiation and demonstrates that Sox9 controls the long term maintenance and expansion of oncogene expressing cells by promoting self - renewing division and inhibiting differentiation.

Cohesins are protein complexes that bind two straps of DNA and are implicated in its repair, replication and recombination, as well as in its chromosomal stability, transcription regulation, stem - cell pluripotency, and cell differentiation.

Graf, who worked in EMBL from 1983 to 1998 as programme coordinator and senior scientist, will move to Barcelona once the new building is functional to head the Cell Differentiation and Cancer programme?

Combined, the molecular processes involving the HIPPO / TAZ / YAP and Gαs feedback circuit indicate it acts as a fulcrum that balances Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation in peripheral nerves, according to the authors.

In addition, when these transcription factors lose their function, terminal differentiation into the vascular endothelium (completion of differentiation) is completely suppressed, and genes that are key to differentiation into vascular endothelial cells as well as transcription factors that maintain the undifferentiated state are adversely induced.

Previously, in the region that controls the function of the transcription factor that promotes differentiation from ES cells to a specific cell type, bivalent modifications of histones such as the accelerator and brake histone marks for transcription were thought to have coexisted.

They found CAD - related SNPs in or near genes governing such functions as stickiness of cells, coagulation and inflammation, and the differentiation of smooth muscle cells.

Special focus is placed on Rho - kinase inhibition, relating to its potential to promote and support extracellular matrix production in cultured chondrocytes and its role in fibroblast cells as a part of direct chemical cellular differentiation.

As such, it plays a pivotal role in the stem cell differentiation and in pathology of cancer metastasis.

Here we identify protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a novel key player in fine - tuning the balance between axonal outgrowth and presynaptic differentiation in the parallel fiber — forming (PF - forming) cerebellar granule cells (Cgcs).

Using human fat - derived stem cells from young (aged 24 - 36 years), middle - aged (aged 48 - 55 years) and elderly (aged 60 - 81) participants, the team used ECIS to collect complex measurements during the growth and differentiation stages the hASC exhibited as they converted to bone cells.

It has also been employed as an «Ariadne's thread» to explore mechanisms of nerve - cell growth and differentiation

«Yet we know little about the genes and molecular pathways that keep stem cells from turning into regular tissue cells — a process known as differentiation.»

Adding a signaling molecule called WNT, while also blocking the activity of another molecule known as BMP, promotes differentiation into one kind of mesoderm; conversely, adding BMP while blocking WNT drives the cells to instead become the other type of mesoderm.

Such a depot or niche of endothelial stem - like cells would be analogous to the epithelial stem cells located in the anterior limbus that supply cells to the basal epithelium as transient amplifying cells, the cells that become committed to the state of terminal differentiation [11,15].

Analogous to bacterial infection, CpG - B triggers the differentiation of both plasmacytoid and conventional DCs, as well as the proliferation and activation of B cells.

Cell therapy, as envisaged by the teams of I - Stem, is primarily based on the identification of experimental protocols that can specifically guide differentiation of pluripotent cells to a cell fate, which presents a interest for the replacement of the defective cell population from the patient (the striatal neurons for Huntington's disease, the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium for retinitis pigmentosa, keratinocytes for genodermatoses, etCell therapy, as envisaged by the teams of I - Stem, is primarily based on the identification of experimental protocols that can specifically guide differentiation of pluripotent cells to a cell fate, which presents a interest for the replacement of the defective cell population from the patient (the striatal neurons for Huntington's disease, the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium for retinitis pigmentosa, keratinocytes for genodermatoses, etcell fate, which presents a interest for the replacement of the defective cell population from the patient (the striatal neurons for Huntington's disease, the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium for retinitis pigmentosa, keratinocytes for genodermatoses, etcell population from the patient (the striatal neurons for Huntington's disease, the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium for retinitis pigmentosa, keratinocytes for genodermatoses, etc.).

Differentiation occurs as a few fertilized cells develop into an embryo acquire the specialized organs that will be needed later in life.

He uses the paradigm of nuclear hormone receptor activation / signaling and the contribution of this process to myeloid cell differentiation, function, and to diseases, involving these cells, such as atherosclerosis, tissue regeneration, metabolic, and various inflammatory disorders, as his model systems.

We had four papers with original data this year so far, in Cell Death and Differentiation, Oncogene, Journal of Cell Science and, as I informed Prof Wilkins this week, one accepted with the EMBO Journal.

The exploration of the therapeutic potential of stem cells requires the characterization of their biological properties, the deciphering of the mechanisms that underlie their pluripotency and their capacity at differentiation, by the understanding of the signals that direct their fate towards discrete cell phenotypes... Their therapeutic use requests further, in particular in the case of substitutive therapies, the analysis of their capacities of integration in injured adult tissues and of their potential tumorigenicity, as well as the development of original ways of delivery.

NeuroStemcell is focused on the identification and systematic comparison of progenitor cell lines with the most favourable characteristics for mesDA and striatal GABAergic neuronal differentiation, generated either directly from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, from Neural Stem (NS) cells derived from ES cells or fetal brain, from induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells or from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate cells in appropriate animals models.

In parallel, the roles of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions are investigated as a mechanism for governing stem cell self - renewal and differentiation during embryonic development and in the adult.

Finally, I will show how we have combined our results to generate a model of hematopoietic differentiation where specific transcription factors control lineage regulatory regions; our model predicts many already known lineage - controlling factors as well as finds new potential regulators of hematopoietic differentiation such as ATF3 in monocytes and Tcf7l2 and Runx2 in NK cells.