Sentences with phrase «cell experiments which»

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These experiments were complemented by genetic manipulations in which some mice were engineered to lack a gene known as Tap1, which is crucial for the MHC I complex to make its way to the cell surface.

They performed an experiment in which they gave back SP9 to the diseased cells and found that returning this protein to the diseased neurons reduced cell death to levels similar to healthy control cells.

Shukla and colleagues discovered that a small drug molecule called BX795, which is sold to labs for use in experiments, helped clear HSV - 1 infection in cultured human corneal cells, in donated human corneas, and in the corneas of mice infected with HSV - 1.

A computer program decides which modifications are to be made in the chemical or light environment according to the cells» observed behaviour and the objective of the experiment.

Scientists are forced either to experiment on whole animals, which is expensive, raises ethical issues and may not predict effects in humans, or to perform tests on microscopic human cells found in tissue cultures, which have been altered to live forever and bear little relation to actual living, breathing people.

Further experiments in test tubes showed which portion of the sugar molecule the liver cells were noticing.

Despite the presumed virulence of the strain — experiments with mouse lungs showed it produces 1000 times more bacteria in infected cells than do standard varieties — Valway says the number of TB cases that developed were kept in line with other typical outbreaks, which «shows that doing good contact investigations is important and preventative therapy works.»

Then his team turned to liver cells, which seemed from previous reprogramming experiments to be easier to send back to an embryonic state.

The next challenge is to confirm the early 20th - century experiments showing that plant cells themselves can act like lenses — and researchers still need to figure out all the ends to which plants put their rudimentary sight.

Dr. Zubair, medical and scientific director of the Cell Therapy Laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Florida, says the experiment will be the first one Mayo Clinic has conducted in space and the first to use these human stem cells, which are found in bone marrow.

The researchers performed further experiments in the mice to look for differences in the affected brain cells and the circuits in which they were connected.

In experiments conducted on human lung endothelial cells and in mice, the researchers showed that NS1 caused permeability of the endothelium, which lines the walls of blood and lymph vessels.

The experiments indicated that when dectin - 1 recognizes tropomyosin in house dust mites, shrimp or other common allergy - triggering species it suppresses airway cells» production of an immune molecule, IL - 33, which otherwise would promote an allergic response by immune cells.

«Tropical trees, compared those in temperate forests, have three times as many living cells surrounding the xylem that can facilitate these processes, which are not observed by the typical experiments we conduct to determine how vulnerable a plant is to droughts.»

Researchers are also experimenting with another form of immunotherapy called adoptive cell transfer, which harvests and then reintroduces patients» tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes — cells with anti-tumor capabilities that dig deep behind enemy lines.

The research team, Heller says, has already begun experiments to further explore the implications of these results, which include looking at differences in this pathway between cells taken from allergic and healthy individuals, and testing the efficacy of an inhalable drug that mimics the function of GRB1 and p70S6K to shut off the development of M2 macrophages in the lungs of mice.

The 2009 pandemic provided a unique natural experiment to test whether T cells could recognise, and protect us against, new strains that we haven't encountered before and to which we lack antibodies.

Several groups worldwide have done experiments with ensheathing cells in rats, some of which have been highly successful.

Lee conducted a real - time attempt to reproduce a controversial experiment published in Nature in which researchers claimed to have turned adult mouse blood cells into pluripotent stem cells.

«This gene encodes a protein which recognises the presence of a certain number of cold - inducing microbes in a cell, such as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinoviruses,» explains Samira Asgari of EPFL, who designed the experiments.

Nonetheless, for the researchers, «The success of our cell engineering experiments, which make it possible to produce nerve cells in a controlled and unlimited manner, and to transplant them, is a world first.

Scientists are running experiments in which RNA - based cells may be able to reproduce and evolve.

Experiments in cells with an inactivated form of Argonaute — which contributes only to the antiviral and not the gene regulation activity of RNAi — confirmed that they were observing an antiviral RNAi response.

In the latest experiments the Mitalipov group focused on snipping out the mutated gene in heterozygous cells — a situation in which there was still a «good» nonmutated copy available for the natural cellular repair systems in the embryo to use as a template for repair after the researchers edited out the problematic one.

New experiments by UC Berkeley and UCSF researchers suggest that immortalization of skin cells, which is essential to turning them cancerous, is a two - step process: a mutation in nevus cells slightly raises levels of telomerase, which keep the cells alive long enough for a second change, still unknown, that up - regulates telomerase to make the cells immortal and malignant.

They call this form of activation «non-ligand-dependent,» and in a complex series of biochemical and animal experiments, traced the pathway through which FER's binding to MET inside the cell sets off a cascade of cell - signaling events, all directly connected in prior research with cancer initiation, including RAC1 / PAK1 and SHP2 - ERK.

Building on the newly - published pilot study, the team will conduct experiments using a windtunnel which measures the behaviour of mosquitoes towards odours and electrodes which track the response of individual odour - detecting cells from within the antenna of the mosquito in specially - designed secure laboratories at the School to measure the responses of malaria - infected Anopheles gambiae s.s. females to human odours.

At the Galveston National Laboratory, which houses a biosafety level 4 lab, researchers shut down experiments, euthanized infected animals, put pathogens in cold storage, and autoclaved cell cultures.

Two key experiments demonstrated this necessary and sufficient role for the activated T - cells, which presumably attack heart muscle tissue in an auto - immune fashion.

Additional experiments showed that the protein produced by HMGA1 activates another gene called Sox9, which is directly responsible for turning stem cells into Paneth cells.

The Dolly experiment [which yielded the first cloned adult mammal, Dolly the sheep, in 1996] prompted people to find ways of taking specialized cells and transforming them into pluripotent, undifferentiated stem cells.

Complex phenomena — which we have so far only been able to study in live animals - can now be investigated in simple laboratory experiments using cultivated cells,» says postdoc Hans Christian Cederberg Helms from the Department of Pharmacy.

This image depicts a single cell experiment in which a human neutrophil was picked up by a micropipette (top panel) and brought into close contact with S. Typhimurium cells immobilized by optical tweezers.

Studies of IBD are typically performed using cell culture experiments or animal models, which don't mimic the precise conditions that occur in the gut of human patients.

Hilde Mangold (1898 - 1924) Under the guidance of Hans Spemann, she carried out the experiments that led to the discovery of the organizer effect, which directs the development of embryonic cells into tissues and organs.

The final guidelines on research with human embryonic stem cells issued on Monday by the National Institutes of Health set out criteria for determining which ES cell lines can be used in federally funded experiments and give NIH discretion to approve old lines that don't meet stringent modern ethical requirements.

To test his hypothesis, he and his colleagues carried out experiments on living mammalian cells, into which they injected tiny plastic beads ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 microns — a range that covers most major organelles.

As with the previous experiment, all the transplanted cells were genetically identical to the mice in which they were injected.

In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that, among many biochemical effects, 14 -3-3 sigma suppresses cancer glycosis, which prevents cancer's ability to convert glucose into pyruvate, a substance essential for cell growth.

Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure / ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement — functions that might be difficult to deduce from single - cell response properties.

Experiments confirmed that there was an enzyme, which we called telomerase, and that it is actually doing something inside cells that matters.

There are experiments in using stock market — like systems, in which people bet on ideas to answer seemingly unanswerable questions, like when terrorist events will occur or when stem cell therapy will allow a person to grow new teeth.

The experiments demonstrated that the blood cells can sense when the environment outside the capillaries is low in oxygen — which occurs when neurons take up more oxygen to generate energy — and respond by rushing to deliver more.

But the scientists noticed something odd when they ran control experiments in which they injected the hydrogel without added cells: Some of the animals» hearts still showed improvement compared with untreated animals.

In order to visualize this signal, the scientists performed experiments with transgenic Arabidopsis plants which were genetically modified to express a protein in the cytosol, the liquid inside the cells, which breaks down and releases light energy after it has bound calcium ions.

In experiments with cancer cell lines, the PIM1 inhibitors killed cells in a MYC - dependent manner, and in two different mouse models — one in which mice were implanted with patient tumors and the other in which a genetic alteration of MYC predisposes the mice to tumor development — the administration of PIM1 inhibitors resulted in significant tumor regression.

Moriguchi's stem cell experiment is «something that's completely eye - catching,» agrees Kevin Eggan, a stem cell biologist at Harvard University and chief scientific officer of The New York Stem Cell Foundation, which held its annual translational research meeting last wcell experiment is «something that's completely eye - catching,» agrees Kevin Eggan, a stem cell biologist at Harvard University and chief scientific officer of The New York Stem Cell Foundation, which held its annual translational research meeting last wcell biologist at Harvard University and chief scientific officer of The New York Stem Cell Foundation, which held its annual translational research meeting last wCell Foundation, which held its annual translational research meeting last week.

For experiments aimed at identifying MYC's synthetic lethal partners, such cells may have advantages over the «immortalized» cells commonly used in cancer research, which contain many genetic alterations that make MYC - specific results difficult to discern.

In vitro experiments used human colon carcinoma cells with and without MMP9 and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which are connective tissue cells that make the extracellular matrix and collagen and play an important role in tissue repair.

In preclinical experiments using human prostate cancer cell lines, Fu's team showed that increased PLK1 expression activated an oncogene known as c - RAF, which has previously been shown to play a role in regulating cell growth and division.