Sentences with phrase «cell functions such»

She will study how normal, healthy bone marrow stem cells find a niche and how niche environment regulates stem cell functions such as self - renewal and differentiation.

Not exact matches

If we could but restore or bring about the normal functioning of brain cells and nerve tissues, as well as their own subsidiary chemical activity in such cases, then mental life would come flooding back in fullness and richness.

Single celled algae such as chlorella and spirulina are rich in enzymatic pigments phycocyanin & phycoerythrin which help carry out essential metabolic functions.

They should function as storage and wallet at the same time for other things which you will need frequently, such as pacifiers, wipes and cell phone at your own convenience.

It will make your life a lot easier if you find the bag with easy - to access zippered interior and exterior compartments, that can function as a wallet and storage for things you always need, such as baby wipes, pacifiers, and your cell phone.

A 2013 study by Cheryl Watson at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston found that even picomolar concentrations (less than one part per trillion) of BPS can disrupt a cell's normal functioning, which could potentially lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, asthma, birth defects or even cancer.

By administering a complementary antibody, they blocked the function of two such immune checkpoints, whereby different types of endogenous T - cells were activated.

Peptides can bind to targets on a cell (usually receptors or enzymes that are themselves proteins) and so regulate cellular functions such as nutrient uptake or communication between cells.

We're funding researchers to investigate how drugs alter what genes are activated such that they modify the function of the cells, and how this, in turn, modifies the functions of brain circuits, and how that modifies behavior.

IPS cells have high proliferation rates and are not yet specialized to perform functions, such as being part of the skin.

Some scientists study cells, called primary human trophoblasts, that are isolated from placentas obtained after childbirth, but such cells do not divide, can be more difficult to obtain, and are more difficult to genetically manipulate to learn about biochemical pathways that have a role in placental function, Dr. Coyne said.

Recent work also shows that some plants, such as the cabbage and mustard relative Arabidopsis, make proteins that are involved in the development and functioning of eyespots — the ultrabasic eyes found in some single - celled organisms such as green algae.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

To determine the effect of mutations that reduce TET2 function in abnormal stem cells, the research team genetically engineered mice such that the scientists could switch the TET2 gene on or off.

Both of these cell layers act as a barrier to small molecules and ions that protects the organs and enables specialized functions, such as absorption in the intestine or urine secretion in the kidney.

A common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Huntington's disease are deposits of aggregated proteins in the patient's cells that cause damage to cellular functions.

It has been particularly difficult to measure changes in electrical functions of cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal cells in the brain or beating heart cells, both during their differentiation and in response to drugs.

As it can take weeks to grow human cells into intact differentiated and functional tissues within Organ Chips, such as those that mimic the lung and intestine, and researchers seek to understand how drugs, toxins or other perturbations alter tissue structure and function, the team at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering led by Donald Ingber has been searching for ways to non-invasively monitor the health and maturity of cells cultured within these microfluidic devices over extended times.

«In that case, we will also have to ask how such changes affected the functions and connectivity of the nerve cells involved.»

However, when these cells choose the wrong function this can result in severe inflammation leading to conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases and even cancer.

Óscar Llorca and his team have used this technique to learn about the structure and functioning of a complex system called R2TP, which is involved in various key processes for cell survival such as the activation of the kinases mTOR, ATR and ATM, proteins that are the target of various cancer drugs currently being developed.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells that accomplishes multiple functions, such as providing survival molecules that prevent photoreceptors from dying.

Folate deficiency can result in several different complications — the most important of these are neural tube defects (such as spina bifida, an abnormality of the spine and spinal cord) in babies and anemia (in which the number and function of red blood cells is affected leading to an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen).

Somehow the rules governing synaptic connections between cells enable such «local» activity to modify the «global» neural circuitry that carries out the brain's many functions.

Different abnormalities such as cleft palates, small skulls, and problems with higher brain function were seen depending on which cell types lacked Smc3 expression, but the phenotypes were similar to those seen in CdLS patients.

Similarly, the signals trigger an increase in toxic chemicals such as nitric oxide, quinolonic acid, and kynurenic acid, which are bad for the functioning of nerve cells.

In normal cell function messenger chemicals, such as various growth factors and insulin, bind to protein receptors on the cell's surface.

In the April 25 issue of Cancer Cell, a research team, led by Xin Lu, PhD, Ludwig director and member at the University of Oxford and a team of scientists from both institutions, describes how p53 is silenced in advanced melanomas by a protein named iASPP, and applies that information to restore p53 function in such cells.

Changes to the properties of the lipid bilayer component of the cell membrane can alter the function of proteins embedded in the membrane — proteins that regulate critical functions such as transport of materials in and out of the cell and communication with other cells.

An extensive database identifying immune traits, such as how immune cell function is regulated at the genetic level in healthy people, is reported by researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and their collaborators in the journal Ccell function is regulated at the genetic level in healthy people, is reported by researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and their collaborators in the journal CellCell.

There, they began to specialize, creating all of the secondary or «daughter» cells that such stem cells normally produce — including healthy T cells with functioning ADA genes.

The function of these genes were involved in molecular maintenance strategies, such as DNA repair, chromosomal maintenance, immune response and programmed cell death The authors argue that the «slower rate of change in these functions is consistent with increased constraint on somatic cell maintenance as would be required in these relatively long - lived and large - bodied mammals, illustrated by the additional large and long - lived species with slower rates in these genes (e.g. double - strand break repair gene XRCC4 is also highly constrained in elephant.»

«Although such differences may be a function of the large sample size and thus not clinically relevant, our findings suggest that use of ICSI may improve fertilization rates but not implantation or pregnancy rates in the setting of unexplained infertility, advanced maternal age, and low oocyte [a cell from which an egg develops] yield,» the authors write.

In the absence of pain, morphine interferes with normal body function and is viewed as a pathogen, activating the brain's innate immune cells and causing the release of inflammatory chemicals such as cytokines.

Proteins called kinesins, for example, are natural nanomotors that support cellular functions such as mitosis (the chromosomal process that creates two nuclei from one parent nucleus) and meiosis (when the number of chromosomes per cell is reduced by one half).

Made of a biological component — such as a fluorescent protein — and a «detector» that responds to the presence of a specific chemical, biosensors act as the switches and levers that turn programmed functions on and off inside the engineered cells.

Most antibiotics work by interfering with crucial functions such as cell division or protein synthesis.

Boasting a wide array of behaviors, including electronic, magnetic and superconducting, these multifunctional materials are poised to expand the way we think about the functions of traditional silicon - based electronic devices such as cell phones or computers.

A normal cell has chemical receptors on its surface that link up with specific molecules generated by the body and control the timing of such functions as eating and sleeping.

Microglia are present throughout the brain and spinal cord, are constantly monitoring their environment, and can be switched on or activated to perform different functions such as control inflammation, destroy pathogens, clean up the debris from dead or damaged cells, and seal off the site of an injury.

Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure / ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement — functions that might be difficult to deduce from single - cell response properties.

The SC3 tool contains added features that help interpret the biological function of the cells in that group, such as lists of marker genes for each group.

There is evidence that chronic disabilities such as spinal cord lesions, diabetes, and Parkinson?s disease, where replacement of just one cell type restores tissue function, can be treated with differentiated embryonic stem cells.

This pathway is crucial for the function and survival of secretory cells such as antibody - producing plasma cells.

Every cell in the body uses phosphorylation, the process of adding a chemical tag to control a protein's function and fate, such as when it moves from one part of a cell to another or binds to other proteins.

Ruvkun's lab later demonstrated that the daf - 2 pathway functions specifically within the worm's neurons — and not elsewhere, such as in muscle cells — to control life span.

Amastigotes with such compromised mitochondrial function were unable to multiply in mouse macrophages (i.e. mammalian Leishmania target cells), suggesting that inhibition of LMIT1 can abolish parasite virulence.

«Our study sounds a serious warning about the possible detrimental side effects of this strategy, since we have shown that such antibodies cause dramatic degeneration of nerve cells by interfering with the normal on - off function of the prion protein,» he added.

This process, called cell differentiation, gives rise to all the various cell types, such as nerve, muscle, or blood cells, which are diverse in shape and function and make up tissues and organs.

The cortex is the thin layer of cells on the surface of the brain that governs many functions, and in elephants it contains a greater variety of cell types (such as the extensively branched neuron pictured above) than is found in more frequently studied animals such as rodents and primates.