Sentences with phrase «cell gene codes»

The T cell gene codes for a protein that HIV uses to get into and infect a cell.

Not exact matches

The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a donor cell (a skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.

Epigeneticists have found that our cells carry a type of memory of the experiences of our ancestors — not only that, but 95 % of our genes aren't yet coded at birth, dependent on nurturing and the environment to determine their fate.

All animal cells are made up of two genomes, the nuclear genome with 10,000 s of protein coding genes and the mitochondrial genome with 13 protein - encoding genes.

Some proteins that these genes code for are known to be involved in stress and cell death.

A virus containing the gene that codes for two molecular «switches» essential for turning skin cells into brown fat was used to trigger the change (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature08262).

Damage to human chromosome 9 (of the cell's 24 pairs) where the gene that codes for E-NTPDase2 resides is known to cause eye and brain defects, such as microphthalmia — literally, small eyes.

The results show — for the first time, Briggs thinks — that the bacterial genomes change with depth: the micro-organisms at 554 metres carry more mutations in genes that code for energy - related processes like cell division and biosynthesis of amino acids than are seen in their shallower counterparts.

These epigenetic modifications do not change the genetic code, but may contribute to the inhibition of gene expression, causing the cells to produce smaller amounts of the corresponding proteins.

Scientists from Harvard University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Missouri at Columbia devised another solution: inserting into pig cells a gene that codes for an enzyme that converts omega - 6s to omega - 3s.

A second key gene, SLC39SA13, codes for a zinc transporter that helps nerve cells to «decide» whether or not nerve impulses are amplified of dampened.

A third influential gene was ARMS / KIDINS220, which codes for a protein that regulates the growth of nerve cells.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

Several mutations were found in genes coding the machinery that makes mitochondrial proteins, and so would probably hinder mitochondria's ability to make the chemical fuel called ATP, which is used by normal cells.

The MDR1 gene codes for a protein that helps to extract drugs from cells.

A European team of scientists has discovered how the cells produce tiny pieces of RNA — called piRNA — that identify and silence «jumping genes» or transposons: genes that are able to change their position within the genome and therefore alter or disrupt the genetic code.

The two genes implicated — GNAQ and GNA11 — code for proteins (known as G proteins) that normally function as molecular on - off switches, regulating the passage of information from the outside to the inside of a cell.

These genes code for proteins involved in transporting small containers called vesicles throughout the healthy cell, but these proteins are often hijacked by viruses in order to move the virus through the cell.

His trick was to insert the gene coding for CREB into a version of the herpesvirus that can infect neurons without spreading to nearby cells.

The new locus they have identified is near a cluster of genes which code for proteins called «glycophorins» that are involved in the malaria parasite's invasion of red blood cells.

By comparing proteomic and RNA - sequencing data from people on different exercise programs, the researchers found evidence that exercise encourages the cell to make more RNA copies of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and proteins responsible for muscle growth.

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole - genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein - coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a single mutation in both copies of a gene coding for beta - globin, a protein that forms part of the oxygen - carrying molecule hemoglobin.

Even more notable, Loki has genes that code for proteins involved in phagocytosis, the process by which one cell can swallow another — and widely believed to be the way eukaryotes acquired mitochondria, a cell's power source.

While all cell types share the same genetic code (DNA), certain genes are specifically «expressed» or «silenced» in each cell type.

By selectively adding or deleting stretches of DNA in the (artificially) fertilized cell, scientists could knock out genes for a disease like diabetes or insert genes coding for extra height or intelligence.

Some of the genes involved help regulate the flow of ions in and out of the cells, particularly nerve cells; others code for so - called heat shock proteins that are typically induced during stress.

The researchers used the power of gene sequencing and clever computational methods to uncover the «source code» for human endothelial cells and learn how that code is disturbed in human disease.

They looked specifically for genes coding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-- a molecule found on the surface of cells that acts as a crucial component of the immune systems of most vertebrates.

Most resistance genes, in wheat and other plants, code for protein receptors located inside cells; the Stb6 gene codes for a receptor protein on the cell's surface.

Working with cultures of respiratory tract cells, Elias's team found that the gene that codes for il - 6 is inactive unless a protein known as nf - kb (nuclear factor - kappa beta) attaches to the gene.

Dr. Ella Evron and Dr. Ayelet Avraham of the TAU - affiliated Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, together with Prof. Saraswati Sukumar of Johns Hopkins, have found that «gene regulation,» the process that shuts off certain parts of a cell's DNA code or blueprint in healthy breast tissue cells, may also play a critical role in the development of breast cancer.

We found 20 genes that distinguished motor neurons that innervate digit muscles from the others, and there's a strange gene code involved in the cells» development.

The gene in question, apolipoprotein E (apoE), codes for a protein in the brain's astrocyte cells that seems to help spur nerve cell growth and clear up debris from neuronal injuries brought by head trauma, stroke, or cerebral hemorrhage.

While the genetic code carried in our DNA provides instructions for cells to manufacture specific proteins, it is a second code that determines which genes are in fact activated in particular cell types.

This gene codes for part of a pore in nerve cells called a potassium channel that is vital for transmitting nerve impulses to adjoining cells.

The mutated gene, FAA, codes for an aberrant, as - yet - unnamed protein that initiates a cascade of malfunctions in various body systems, including production of blood cells and platelets in the bone marrow.

Of dozens of genes strongly activated by injury, seven coded for proteins that are secreted from cells.

According to the 6 April report in the Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, researchers at Guangzhou Medical University in China attempted — with limited success — to modify the CCR5 gene, which codes for a cell receptor that the HIV virus uses to enter T cells.

James Reid and his colleagues at the University of Tasmania in Hobart will report in the August issue of The Plant Cell that the tallness gene codes for an enzyme involved in the manufacture of the growth hormone gibberellin.

The vast majority of our 20,000 or so genes exist in the DNA within each cell's nucleus, as distinct from the 13 protein - coding genes inside mtDNA.

PARIS — As scientists race to finish a rough draft of the human genome, a European consortium is about to launch an effort to pinpoint every key spot in our genetic code where cells turn genes on and off by adding a molecule called a methyl group.

The new AAV vectors can also deliver genes that code for colorful fluorescent proteins; such proteins are useful in identifying and labeling cells.

In many cancerous cells, p53 doesn't work because the gene coding for it has mutated.

Wondering why the third protein, an enzyme called p66, was not, despite being very similar to the other two, Pelicci's team knocked out the piece of the gene that enabled it to code for p66, in order to make mice and mouse embryonic cells that lacked p66.

The gene codes for an immune receptor on red blood cells; lack of that receptor prevents infection by Plasmodium vivax, a species of the malaria parasite.

That DNA includes slightly less than 21,000 protein - coding genes (some researchers once estimated we had more than 100,000 such genes); «genes» for 8800 small RNA molecules and 9600 long noncoding RNA molecules, each of which is at least 200 bases long; and 11,224 stretches of DNA that are classified as pseudogenes, «dead» genes now known to really be active in some cell types or individuals.

The team, which included members of the Health Science Center departments of medicine and biochemistry, investigators from the UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and a group of collaborators from Austria, found that the gene that codes the enzyme D2 - hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) is mutated in a subset of cancers called diffuse large B - cell lymphomas.

With just 121 protein - coding genes, the diminutive Tremblaya princeps, a symbiotic bacterium that lives inside specialized cells of the sap - eating mealybug, has the smallest known genome of any cellular organism on the planet.

If so, it could make cell fate more resilient to random mutations in a plant's genetic code, even when such changes keep some gene - regulating proteins from binding their intended DNA targets.