Sentences with phrase «cell marker genes»
Expression of four stem cell marker genes normalized to cyclophilin in nine single cell equivalents prepared from a pool of nine lysed HES3 cells.
http://journals.plos.org/
(A) The expression patterns of germ cell marker genes in monkey testis (5 years old), mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF), monkey ES cells (ES), and developing EBs (days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28) were examined using an RT - PCR analysis.
To explore the differentiation markers for detecting germ cells differentiated from ES cells, the expression of various germ cell marker genes was examined in tissues and ES cells of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
However, these germ cell marker genes are not appropriate for detecting germ cell differentiation from mouse and human ES cells because these genes are expressed in both ES cells and germ cells.
To amplify the germ cell marker genes, primers were designed based on the human sequences as shown in Table 1.
The expression of other germ cell marker genes, such as NANOS1, NANOS2, NANOS3 and PIWIL1, increased in the EBs as well.
The expression of germ cell marker genes in monkey ES cells and tissues was examined using an RT - PCR analysis.
Therefore, it is necessary to determine the expression patterns of VASA and other germ cell marker genes in monkeys, but only limited information is currently available [7], [13].
Not exact matches
This is the group of genes which act as the immune system markers on cells, protecting them from being attacked by the system's anti-bodies.
The researchers — James Robl, a developmental biologist and his colleagues at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and Steve Stice at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts — inserted a marker gene fused with a gene for resistance to the chemical neomycin into a culture of connective tissue cells called fibroblasts.
Nadeau stumbled upon one study, in mice, describing how environmental factors can tag Foxp3 with chemical markers that tell T - cell precursors to switch the gene on or off.
Since the February breakthrough, PPL Therapeutics of Edinburgh, which collaborates with the Roslin Institute, has produced five lambs from fetal cells that were genetically modified to carry marker genes and genes for human proteins.
They injected this handcrafted virus into rats and found that the marker gene was indeed active only in smooth muscle cells.
But in the 1 September issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, cardiologist Michael Parmacek and his colleagues at the University of Chicago describe how they deleted two genes from the common cold virus to make it unable to cause any sniffling or fever, then replaced them with a marker gene that turns out an easily detected protein and the SM22 promoter, which turns on expression of genes in smooth muscle cells that surround arteries.
The results showed that, when applied, a long - term inhibition of Rho - kinase signaling increased the expressions of chondrocyte - specific genes and differentiation markers in human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cells.
A specific genetic marker influences response to therapy in the early stages of RA; a link thought to be due to the gene activating a cell - signalling protein involved in the inflammatory disease process.
Using these genes as markers, he was able to select PGCs from among other cells and study what happens to them.
New markers suggested include total mass of hemoglobin, altered expression of genes related to red blood cell metabolism, ironomics, storage lesions, and the presence of plasticizers from blood bags in athlete urine samples.
Now scientists like Perls are sifting through millions of DNA markers to spot the constellation of longevity genes that's carried in every cell of these centenarians» bodies.
Although that marker, called IL21, had not previously been associated with autoimmune diseases, the gene that produces it sits right in the stretch of DNA known to make these mice vulnerable to diabetes, suggesting that IL21 might make a drug target, says Sarvetnick.Furthermore, by giving the animals a shot of dead bacteria — similar to an immunization in humans — when they were newborns, Sarvetnick and her colleagues prevented a surfeit of CD4 + and CD8 + cells.
Researchers from BUSM and the University of Cyprus compared the markers on the surface of the cancer cells to gene expression profile of breast tumors deposited by researchers in international public databases and found that a molecule named IL13RA2 (IL13R alpha2) was abundant in metastatic or late - stage BLBC.
Unlike genetic mutations that affect DNA and the genome, epigenetic markers turn genes on and off to regulate cell processes, which if altered may lead to disease, he explains.
In order to locate all gene switches, the Freiburg research team used modern sequencing methods to examine the entire genome — DNA, epigenetic markers and RNA — during the development, maturation and disease of human cardiac muscle cells.
They found that ONC201 alters the gene expression of cancer stem cell markers and signaling pathways prior to killing the tumor cells, providing pharmacodynamic biomarkers of response.
The SC3 tool contains added features that help interpret the biological function of the cells in that group, such as lists of marker genes for each group.
Without it, NFAT initiates a negative regulatory program that activates genes encoding inhibitory cell surfaces markers and blunts signals received by the T cell receptor.
After the sorting, we performed whole genome amplification on individual aggregates then sequenced the 16S rRNA marker genes to identify cells comprising the aggregate.
Examination of gene expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed the area adjacent to tumors is rich with cancer markers.
The researchers could detect when RNAi occurred, because the cells would alter their normal course of cell division or fail to express the marker gene.
«A marker gene will be inserted into these liver cells,» says Ledley.
Liver cells lacking TRF1 gene (right) show, under chronic stress, larger nuclei and other markers characteristic of patients with cirrhosis or hepatitis (an increase in p21, PCNA and cyclin D1), when compared to normal cells under the same stimulus (left).
Among the three isolated cell populations, the relative gene expression of macrophage markers was highest among the F4 / 80 + cells.
Not only were levels of metabolic compounds different, but the expression of certain genes involved in metabolism was turned up, and the epigenome of the cells — molecular markers on DNA that change gene expression on a broader scale — was altered.
A section of a head and neck tumor — red and green markers show the proliferation of cancer stem cells — that formed when one of several newly characterized genes, Myh9, was suppressed.
Overexpression of wild - type ACVR1 in chick micromass cultures resulted in expression levels of marker genes that are comparable to those of the empty viral vector, while cells overexpressing R206H ACVR1 showed upregulation of collagen type II and aggrecan.
A short - term inhibition of Rho - kinase failed to induce extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts or in HCS - 2 / 8 cells, while its long - term exposure increased the expressions of chondrocyte - specific genes and differentiation markers, and also promoted the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by chondrocytic cells.
In order to locate all gene switches, the Freiburg research team used modern sequencing methods to examine the entire genome - DNA, epigenetic markers and RNA - during the development, maturation and disease of human cardiac muscle cells.
Additionally, the latent provirus integrated in the J - Lat cell lines encodes the GFP gene, providing a fluorescent marker of HIV - 1 transcriptional activity.
Remarkably, the relative expression levels of all marker genes were only slightly decreased when R206H ACVR1 and Q207D caACVR1 cultures were cotransfected with Noggin, whereas cells expressing the wild - type ACVR1 or empty viral vector showed clear downregulation of all analyzed marker genes for chondrogenesis.
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AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory», of the origin of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,» of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. 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Cultured mouse, monkey, and human pluripotent cells can be driven down a retinal lineage as determined by the expression of marker genes, including the EFTFs [2]--[4].
Using a novel methodology, the researchers found an association between the disorder and a DNA marker that is very close to the dopamine transporter gene, which controls the intake of this important neural messenger by the nerve cells that respond to dopamine's signal.
When overexpressed together in developing Xenopus embryos by RNA microinjection, these genes can induce eye - like structures as defined by the expression of markers for some retinal cell classes [7].
But the new data reveals that oRGs bring a support group with them: The cells express genes for surface markers and molecular signals that enhance their own ability to proliferate, the researchers found.
Pictured Above: Greater Prairie Chicken germ - cells, fluorescing green thanks to the integration of a GFP marker gene.
The scientists also discovered that genes modified only by one of the epigenetic markers, H3K4me3, contain the DNA recipes for proteins that enable an ES cell to proliferate, or duplicate itself.
But in basal breast cancer cells, ZEB1's state is more tenuous, with repressing and activating markers coexisting on the gene.
Determining how ES cell genes are modified by these epigenetic markers may explain these cells» unique characteristics, said the scientists, who are based at the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and the Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), both under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A * STAR), as well as at the National University of Singapore (NUS).
The scientists had strategically inserted these foreign DNA «markers» at particular points along the genome, next to genes expressed only in embryonic stem cells.
With this reporter we split ES cell cultures into two fractions that both express certain stem cell markers but only one of which expresses low levels of an endodermal marker gene.