Sentences with phrase «cell material called»

Cheap, easy - to - make solar cell materials called perovskites have now been shown to work with tin instead of toxic lead

In a world looking for better, cheaper alternative energy, the solar cell materials called perovskites are a bright hope.

Not exact matches

In his efforts to armor himself against the cold, many a fisherman has turned to long underwear of quilted Dacron, or of materials which incorporate thousands of insulating air cells, and to heavy woolen «feel gloves» — so called because both thumbs and forefingers have panels of thin nylon which permit the angler to remain sensitive to the reel.

The raw materials that feed this voracious sperm factory are sperm precursor cells, called spermatogonia.

For years materials scientists have tried reconstructing cell membranes following nature's recipe, which calls for fat - based molecules called phospholipids as the main ingredient.

They may supply crucial insulating material for neurons, called myelin; digest and clean up dead cells in the brain; and help form and maintain the connection points between neurons and other cells.

The early version of the fuel cell uses an expensive material called an ionic liquid as the electrolyte, for example.

The method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), replaces the DNA in an egg cell's nucleus with the genetic material from the nucleus of a skin cell, then tricks the egg cell to start dividing as if it had been fertilized with sperm.

In addition, the polymer - based material, called Parylene C, is less invasive and damaging to surrounding cells and tissue than previous microelectrode arrays comprised of silicon or microwires.

This fatty material is an insulator covering and modulating a part of the nerve cell called the axon, which transmits electrical signals to other cells.

Physicists have only recently devised comparable materials, called photonic band - gap crystals, and are now exploring their use in phone switches, solar cells, and antennas.

Using X-ray beams and lasers, researchers studied how a new promising class of solar cell materials, called hybrid perovskites, behaves at the nanoscale level during operation.

The same compound promotes the growth of tooth tissue called dentine — a protective material between the sensitive pulp inside a tooth and the enamel on its surface — so Cohen believes that the type of tissue formed partly depends on the neighbouring cells.

Exosomes transport small pieces of genetic material, called microRNAs, that enable cells to communicate with neighboring cells to change their behavior.

Another limitation is that materials genomics has been hitherto applied almost exclusively to what engineers call functional materials — compounds that can perform a task such as absorbing light in a solar cell or letting electrical current pass in transistor.

Anderson and Langer have previously developed nanoparticles, now in clinical development, that can deliver siRNA to liver cells called hepatocytes by coating the nucleic acids in fatty materials called lipidoids.

Duax also noted that the results raise questions about some aspects of a hypothesis on the origins of life, called the RNA world, which posits that RNA, which is similar to DNA and is still used in cells, was the first genetic material.

Similarly, the enzyme RNase T2, which breaks down a material called RNA in insect cells to produce food for plants, had multiple evolutionarily convergent amino acid substitutions in C. follicularis and a common ancestor of N. alata and D. adelae.

The thin - film solar cells can be used in more flexible applications, such as so - called solar shingles, roofing materials that double as electricity generators.

No harm results to the cell from ejecting the DNA, he found, because it comes not from the critical genetic material in the nucleus but from intracellular organs called mitochondria, which are more expendable.

After removing the effects of solar rotation and accounting for the angle of view of areas not facing directly toward Earth, the researchers could discern the so - called giant cell flow patterns (material moving east is depicted in red, that moving toward the west in blue), which cause supergranules to slowly drift across the surface of the sun.

Previous studies in the lab showed that once HCMV is inside the cell, it quickly becomes latent by entering the cell's nucleus and co-opting a cellular protein called Daxx — part of the intrinsic immune system — to shut down its own replication, the process of reproducing its genetic material to make more copies of itself.

Here is the mystery: the body's immune cells usually remove dead and dying cells through a process called phagocytosis, yet the amount of material that is consumed is so great that you'd expect significant inflammation, pain and tissue damage — something that doesn't typically happen when breastfeeding ceases.

Using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a team from Oregon Health & Science University (O.H.S.U.) in Portland implanted the contents of individual skin cells from adult male rhesus macaques into each of 304 macaque egg cells stripped of their genetic material.

But if supplies of these materials run low, the cell will enter a suspended state called senescence and cell division will stop, freezing the advance of the virus, according to new findings from a Duke University research team that appear in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

In the present work, the teams led by Michael Ewers (ISD) and EMBO Member Christian Haass (DZNE) focussed on the TREM2 protein, which functions in specialized brain immune cells called microglia that clear toxic material resulting from nerve cell injury.

Standard tissue engineering involves seeding types of cells, such as those that form ear cartilage, onto a scaffold of a polymer material called a hydrogel.

LAYER UP Researchers are betting on a class of sunlight - absorbing materials called perovskites to improve today's solar cells.

Tissue engineers are enthusiastic about a technique called decellularization that involves using detergent to remove all of the cells from an organ, leaving a scaffold consisting of the fibrous material between cells.

The exosomes produced during environmental enrichment carry microRNAs — small pieces of genetic material — which appear to instruct immature cells in the brain to develop into myelin - making cells called oligodendrocytes.

With the discovery, the material that the researchers call «metal oxide - laser induced graphene» (MO - LIG) becomes a new candidate to replace expensive metals like platinum in catalytic fuel - cell applications in which oxygen and hydrogen are converted to water and electricity.

Chemists have known for decades that a class of compounds called solid acids conduct hydrogen ions efficiently at moderate temperatures, but these materials had never been put to work in a fuel cell.

Chris Van de Walle, a professor in U.C. Santa Barbara's Materials Department, has been studying conductivity in a class of materials called transparent conductors, used in solar cells to let in as much light as Materials Department, has been studying conductivity in a class of materials called transparent conductors, used in solar cells to let in as much light as materials called transparent conductors, used in solar cells to let in as much light as possible.

Researchers have gotten stem cells to grow on a ceramic material called calcium phosphate (CaP), but this scaffold is stiff and brittle, making it difficult to implant into patients.

Daniel Packwood, Junior Associate Professor at Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell - Material Sciences (iCeMS), is improving methods for constructing tiny «nanomaterials» using a «bottom - up» approach called «molecular self - assembly.»

Previous research has shown that many cells, including cancer cells, communicate directly with one another by emitting tiny bubbles of cellular material called microvesicles.

The team focused on genetic material called RNA, which is produced as an intermediate step when DNA code is translated into the proteins and molecules that make up cells and tissues.

When phytoplankton use carbon dioxide to make new cells, a substantial portion of that cellular material is released into the sea as a buffet of edible molecules collectively called «dissolved organic carbon.»

As a typical child's bones elongate, cartilage cells called chondrocytes mature and then die, allowing hard, bony material to supplant them.

Solar cells that are cheaper and easier to manufacture could challenge the dominance of silicon, with new research showing an alternative material called perovskite is more efficient and adaptable than previously thought.

The cMethDNA test analyzes a filtered portion of the blood called serum, which contains proteins and genetic material, such as DNA, released by cells.

Also, with some nanoparticles much of the material ends up trapped in protective sacs called endosomes inside the cell, and there can be potential toxic side effects.

Led by Yuehe Lin, professor in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the researchers used inexpensive metal to make a super low density material, called an aerogel, to reduce the amount of precious metals required for fuel cell reactions.

The huge amount of genetic material in the form of DNA in the cells of living organisms is physically compacted into minuscule bundles called chromosomes.

In gene therapy, new genetic material (DNA or RNA) is introduced into a patient's cells, most often via a disabled virus called a vector.

This visualization shows tightly - packed DNA in a mouse cell's nucleus at different stages of development, seen here in a semi-triangular form as a mature nerve cell; in a roundish shape as a multipotent stem cell; in a more oval form as a neuronal progenitor; and as a more fragmented structure that shows how removing a specialized binding protein (HP1β knockout) affects the structure of the DNA - packing material, called heterochromatin, in a mature neuron.

The results could help us understand how patterning and reorganization of DNA - containing material called chromatin in a cell's nucleus relate to a cell's specialized function as specific genes are activated or silenced.

Two related papers with contributions from Huaxi Xu, Ph.D., the Jeanne and Gary Herberger Chair of Neuroscience and Aging Research at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP), show that a protein called TREM2 helps microglia survive and respond more strongly to damaging material like amyloid and cell debris.

The typical design of a perovskite solar cell sandwiches the perovskite between a hole transport material, a thin film of an organic molecule called spiro - OMeTAD that's doped with lithium ions and an electron transport layer made of titanium dioxide, or TiO2.

The new material, made of a compound called barium stannate, could lead to the creation of smaller, faster, and more powerful electronics, and more efficient solar cells.