Sentences with phrase «cell materials at»

Now scientists are tweaking solar cell materials at nanometer scales to squeeze out better performance without increasing their prices or complexity, finding loopholes through the SQ limit.

Not exact matches

Serial entrepreneurs Shindo and Taft branched out to solar and polysilicon materials when their original focus, the fuel cell industry, didn't grow at the projected rate.

Cell biology is the same way — the cell itself may be highly organized, and order increased in comparison to the raw materials which make up the cell, but when you look at the total inputs and total outputs of all matter and energy, the overall entropy of the system increaCell biology is the same way — the cell itself may be highly organized, and order increased in comparison to the raw materials which make up the cell, but when you look at the total inputs and total outputs of all matter and energy, the overall entropy of the system increacell itself may be highly organized, and order increased in comparison to the raw materials which make up the cell, but when you look at the total inputs and total outputs of all matter and energy, the overall entropy of the system increacell, but when you look at the total inputs and total outputs of all matter and energy, the overall entropy of the system increases.

(Cf. the phenomenon of the «runners» at first connected with the mother plant and then separated from it; the fluid transition between various plants and animals which appear to be one; the germ - cell inside and outside the parent organism, etc.) Living forms which present what are apparently very great differences in space and time can ontologically have the same morphological principle, so that enormous differences of external form can derive from the material substratum and chance patterns of circumstance without change of substantial form (caterpillar - chrysalis butterfly).

By turning cell biology into an engineering discipline, CCC aims to develop new chemicals and materials for medical and consumer applications, while at the same time training a more diverse research and manufacturing workforce.

Researchers at the Center for Engineering MechanoBiology (CEMB), an NSF Science and Technology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, study plants like this Arabidopsis thaliana to learn how molecules, cells and tissues integrate mechanics within plant and animal biology, with the aim of creating new materials, biomedical therapies and agricultural technologies.

She and her colleagues knew that chromatin regulators — which control how genetic material gains access to a cell's transcriptional machinery — were key to treating the social deficits in ASD, but the challenge was to know how to affect key risk factors at once.

Researchers at Swansea, in collaboration with industry, are taking these printable materials and focusing on the challenges of scalability and stability to develop new classes of solar cells.

The design and formation of an atomic - scale bridge between different materials will lead to new and improved physical properties, opening the path to new information technology and energy science applications amongst a myriad of science and engineering possibilities — for example, atoms could move faster at the interface between the materials, enabling better batteries and fuel cells.

In several recent papers, Prof. Shen and colleagues at the Micro / Bio / Nanofluidics Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), described their creation of a new biosensing material that can be used to monitor processes in living cells.

«In theory, conventional single - junction solar cells can only achieve an efficiency level of about 34 percent, but in practice they don't achieve that,» said study co-author Paul Braun, a professor of materials science at Illinois.

Of people seeking access to biomaterials referred to in published work (such as the cell lines, tissues, antibodies, and reagents), 35 % were denied access to these materials at least once in the last 3 years.

«High efficiency solar power conversion allowed by a novel composite material: A composite thin film developed at INRS improves significantly solar cells» power conversion efficiency..»

A composite thin film made of two different inorganic oxide materials significantly improves the performance of solar cells, as recently demonstrated by a joint team of researchers led by Professor Federico Rosei at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), and Dr. Riad Nechache from École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), both in the Montreal Area (Canada).

Ong, who leads the Materials Virtual Lab and is a faculty member in the Sustainable Power and Energy Center at UC San Diego, uses a combination of high - throughput calculations and machine learning to discover next - generation materials for energy applications, including batteries, fuel cells Materials Virtual Lab and is a faculty member in the Sustainable Power and Energy Center at UC San Diego, uses a combination of high - throughput calculations and machine learning to discover next - generation materials for energy applications, including batteries, fuel cells materials for energy applications, including batteries, fuel cells and LEDs.

Solar cells could be produced from materials other than silicon under a breakthrough that scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles, say could dramatically reduce the price of solar technologies.

One group, led by Ryan O'Hayre, a materials scientist at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, reported last year in Science that it had produced an intermediate temperature fuel cell capable of producing 455 mW / cm2.

At Northwestern University, chemist Samuel Stupp and his research team have developed various types of amphiphile molecules (each end is chemically attracted to a different kind of material) that form self - assembling nanofibers, which in turn can prompt the regeneration of bone and brain cells.

[Chinedu Nwokoro et al., «Inhaled black carbon in the lower airways of London cyclists»] Researchers at the London School of Medicine collected sputum samples from healthy non-smokers who walk or bike to see how much black carbon was in airway macrophages — a type of white blood cell that takes in foreign material.

That had a lot of venture capital in it but few quick returns, and so investors went off and did other things,» cautions Nate Lewis, a materials chemist at Caltech who works on solar cells.

Currently a professor of materials science and engineering at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, he says it was his job to «examine how radiation in space affects solar cells and semiconductors.»

Qingdong Zheng, a materials scientist at John Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, suggests that such biolasers could find uses in new types of sensors or in light - based therapeutics, in which light is used, for example, to kill cancer cells by triggering drugs into action that have already been administered.

But in standard solar cell materials this requires that incoming photons have at least 5 electron volts worth of energy, which corresponds to photons of deep ultraviolet light (UV).

They are promising materials for making next - generation solar cells because they are inexpensive to manufacture and are considerably efficient at converting light to electricity.

But Jorn Olsen, chair of epidemiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health says that unlike microwaves, cell phones do not release enough radiation or energy to damage DNA or genetic material, which can lead to cancer.

Precious metals have long been used as conducting materials in batteries and other types of fuel cells but are too expensive to use at a commercial scale in microbial fuel cells.

The study was in fact funded by the European project ChipCAT, which aims at finding novel materials for the next generation of fuel cells.

Using X-ray beams and lasers, researchers studied how a new promising class of solar cell materials, called hybrid perovskites, behaves at the nanoscale level during operation.

«Using two solar cells with the new interfacial materials in between produces close to two times the energy we originally observed,» said Yang, who is also director of the Nano Renewable Energy Center at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA.

Before Katlyn showed up at NIH, the doctors there were already well prepared: They had inserted healthy human ADA genes into a modified mouse retrovirus — a type of virus that can enter human cells and transfer new genetic material right into the DNA strands in their nuclei.

Now Carroll and his colleagues at Wake Forest's Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials have shown how to incorporate nanoscale polymer trees to improve the potentially revolutionary solar cell's ability to produce power.

Chun - Chao Chen, a graduate student in the UCLA materials science and engineering department who is the paper's primary author, said using transparent and semi-transparent cells together increases the device's efficiency, and that the materials were processed at low temperatures, making them relatively easy to manufacture.

Nevertheless, as Tobias says, it is still ``... a field beset with relatively few facts but many theories... The story of early hominid brains has to be read from carefully dated, well identified, fossilised calvariae, or from endocranial casts formed within them... Such materials confine the Hercule Poirot, who would read «the little grey cells» of fossil hominids, to statements about the size, shape and surface impressions... of ancient brains...» The other major limiting factor at the moment is the lack of suitable fossil skulls for such studies.

Abnormal centrosome numbers are commonly observed in human cancers and are thought to be at least in part responsible for the improper distribution of the genetic material that is a hallmark of many cancer cells.

While researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology don't have a specific application for the doughnut - shaped droplets yet, they believe the novel structures offer opportunities to study many interesting problems, from looking at the properties of ordered materials within these confined spaces to studying how geometry affects how cells behave.

As well as providing a means of contactless transport for delicate biological cells and electronics, or dangerous materials, sound control could enable microgravity experiments at low cost.

Elsevier, EuroStemCell, and Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell - Material Sciences (iCeMS), today released «Stem Cell Research report: Trends and Perspectives on the Evolving International Landscape» at the World Stem Cell Summit.

Martin Brasier at the University of Oxford says the stable period may also have been vital for the evolution of eukaryotic cells — cells with a nucleus of genetic material.

Mark Hersam, a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, is developing nanomaterials for a range of uses, such as solar cells and batteries, information technology and biotechnology.

Now Arthur Nozik at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has proved that MEG works in silicon, the material that constitutes most solar cells.

To overcome this challenge, the researchers from the Institute for Integrated Cell - Material Sciences (iCeMS) at Kyoto University borrowed a principle from polymer chemistry and developed it into a technique to assemble graphene into porous 3D architectures while preventing stacking between the sheets.

In a series of experiments at MIT, Belcher, working with a team of about 30 students and postdocs, has successfully programmed viruses to incorporate, then grow, a variety of inorganic materials, including nanoscale semiconductors, solar cells, and magnetic storage materials.

Spindle fibers (gold above, red at right) align pairs of chromosomes (blue) and then separate the genetic material into two daughter cells (shown forming, above).

In this case, the stumbling block is that the semiconductor materials in solar cells, such as silicon, become conductive and generate energy only in response to photons at certain energy levels.

But at the moment we have to use retroviruses to carry the foreign material into the cells, which could generate tumours.

Mixing and matching materials this way may pave the way to brighter displays for cell phones and handheld games, spherical light - sensitive «eyes» that take in a wide field of view, and flexible communications devices that can be folded and stuffed into a backpack, says materials scientist John Rogers of the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign.

Researchers at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) Organic Chemistry laboratories have developed material which offers much cheaper alternative to the one which is currently being used in hybrid solar cells.

Enter thin - film solar cells — devices that use a fine layer of semiconducting material, such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide or cadmium telluride, to harvest electricity from sunlight at a fraction of the cost.

Prof Getautis says that the material created at KTU will be used in the construction of future solar cells: almost all solar cells are made from inorganic semiconductors.

«The exciting part of this work is not just that we made hydrogels, but that we're now equipped with this powerful technique that lets us ask fundamental — and very challenging — questions about them,» says Takanari Inoue, Ph.D., an associate professor of cell biology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and senior author of the report on the research published online Nov. 6 in the journal Nature Materials.