Sentences with phrase «cell process called»

Not exact matches

The process is fairly simple: Extract the cell's DNA, measure its carbon - 14 levels with a tool called a mass spectrometer, and check the result against tables of carbon - 14 decay in the period since 1963.

But in the following hours and days, the body's self - defense mechanisms backfire: White blood cells come in to clean up dead tissue, which causes massive inflammation, which in turn triggers healthy cells in the surrounding tissue to self - destruct in a process called apoptosis.

Simply put, it gives the brain what one neuroscientist calls «greater bandwidth,» boosting the processing capacity of the affected brain cells by 3,000 %.

The tattooing process works by injecting ink into the skin, which stimulates an immune response in which cells called «macrophages» move into the area and «eat up» the ink.

Thus, at the lowest level, electrons tend to unite and converge in the atom; atoms converge by molecularization, crystallization; molecules unite by polymerization; cells unite by conjugation, reproduction, association; nerve ganglions concentrate and localize to form a brain by what might be called a process of cephalization; the higher animal groups form colonies, hives, herds, societies, etc.; man socializes and forms civilizations as foci of attraction and organization.

In order to supply the proper number of chromosomes to the offspring, each parent's reproductive cells undergo a remarkable process called meiosis, whereby cells from each parent are left with half the usual number of chromosomes.

(Hemomglobin A1C is a form of the key protein in our red blood cells — hemoglobin — in which the protein gets linked up with a sugar molecule through a process called glycosylation.

A newborn has more red blood cells than his body needs, and often, when a baby's immature liver can't process them quickly enough, a yellow pigment called bilirubin (a by - product of the red blood cells) builds up in the blood.

The process is occurring by something called «Fetal Microchimerism» This is when the cells of the baby still continue to live on in Mom's body and brain after baby is born, and it lasts for decades.

Cancer cells travel around the body and begin to attack healthy tissue in a process called metastasis.

The AR - V7 variant is formed when an androgen receptor loses the end part of the receptor, called the C - terminal end; this is deleted due to an error in RNA processing in tumour cells, leaving only the beginning part of the receptor, the N - terminal end.

The research team also found that the action of a gene, ATG16L1, kept TNF alpha - driven inflammation from triggering the self - destruction of too many Paneth cells, by an explosive process called necroptosis.

Cells take dietary nicotinamide and, with a helper protein called Nampt, manufacture a molecule called NMN, which then is processed further to make NAD.

For unknown reasons our immune system attacks healthy cells, tissues and organs in a process called autoimmunity, which can result in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

They made these clones by a process called automatic parthenogenesis: The egg is formed normally (with half the species» usual number of chromosomes), then fertilized by the «polar body,» a cell that is created during oogenesis and contains the same gene copies as the egg, resulting in the shark having half the genetic variation of its mother.

Huerta also calls attention to fluorescent resonance energy transfer, which he says, «really allowed us to start imaging processes in cells as they occur.»

One of the molecular mysteries hindering development of regenerative therapy for muscles is uncovering the precise genetic and molecular processes that cause skeletal muscle stem cells (called myoblasts) to fuse and form the striated muscle fibers that allow movement.

Cancer stem cells can reproduce themselves through a process called self - renewal and sustain the growth of a tumor.

Now 24, he is a first - year graduate student in the department of cellular and structural biology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (UTHSCSA), where he is studying the role of oxidative damage — the wear and tear inflicted upon the cell by toxic molecules called free radicals — in the aging process.

Stuart Hameroff, an anesthesiologist who has spent many years studying brain functions, has collaborated with renowned Oxford University polymath Roger Penrose on a model that explains consciousness as the result of quantum processes occurring in tiny structures called microtubules in brain cells.

This complex biological machine gathers the chromosomes together and sorts them at the time of cell division, then sends them to the opposite poles of the daughter cells in a process called chromosome segregation.

After deciphering this natural differentiation process, the investigators duplicated it in the laboratory dish by adding a sequence of proteins, called growth factors, to the fluid bathing the stem cells.

Ordinarily, so drastic a makeover would require the creation of so - called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and then turning these into neurons, an inefficient process that can take weeks.

Researchers then tested cell cultures and mouse models by using a gene editing process called CRISPR - Cas9 to demonstrate how the presence or absence of myomaker and myomerger — both individually and in unison — affect cell fusion and muscle formation.

When these scoundrels band together and the gang gets too large, the cell calls on a second degradation process — autophagy.

So - called functional RNA is important for almost all cells and cellular processes, for example, by binding proteins or performing catalytic processes.

The result fit with prior research indicating that accelerated growth of new brain cells in the dentate gyrus, in a process called neurogenesis, is necessary for antidepressants to cure rats of their depression.

It's a process called neurogenesis, in which cells continually divide and produce new ones.

Some of the genes in sperm and egg cells have chemicals called methyl molecules that attach to them, a process called methylation; these molecules can either activate or silence a gene when the sperm and egg DNA unite in an embryo.

By studying the same process in cultured cells, the scientists found that the light stimulated a molecular chain reaction that activated a normally dormant protein called TGF - beta 1.

Mitochondria are found in cells and they use oxygen to produce energy in a process called oxidative metabolism.

DiChristina: It is, and then it moves on to a stage called the bloat stage, which lasts from the first week to about 3 weeks roughly, where those cellular processes continue and the gases that the cells create, as they continue their digesting and chemical processes, begin to build up in the body and the body starts to bloat.

Phagocytosis is a process by which white blood cells called macrophages digest cellular debris and foreign bodies and particles.

The nuclei are inserted into egg cells which have had their original nucleus removed, a process called nuclear transfer.

The biopsy removes fluid from the cysts, which is then analyzed for cancer cells and other telltale signs of the disease, a process called cytology.

Drugs that enhance a process called oxidative stress were found to kill rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells growing in the laboratory and possibly bolstered the effectiveness of chemotherapy against this aggressive tumor of muscle and other soft tissue.

In this process, several hundred times more cells of the so - called myeloid lineage (thrombocytes, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes) form than long - lived lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, natural killer cells) do.

In a process called cellular reprogramming, researchers at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have taken mature blood cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and reprogrammed them back into iPSCs to study the genetic origins of this rare blood cancer.

Óscar Llorca and his team have used this technique to learn about the structure and functioning of a complex system called R2TP, which is involved in various key processes for cell survival such as the activation of the kinases mTOR, ATR and ATM, proteins that are the target of various cancer drugs currently being developed.

It interferes with the process of meiosis — the form of cell division that creates sex cells, called gametes, like eggs and sperm.

In their report published in Science Immunology they describe how expression of a specific molecule — complement C5a — is required to cause the immune cells called neutrophils to adhere to joint surfaces and migrate into the joint, a process known to set off the inflammatory cascade.

Endosomes are machinery that tumor cells, via a process called endocytosis, can use to incorporate components into their environment and obtain energy by degrading them via autodigestion or autophagy.

This results in cells having less mitochondrial DNA, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and a faulty process in cell metabolism called oxidative phosphorylation.

What's more, the researchers discovered two years ago that the suppression of Esrp activity helps to enable a process called the epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells acquire properties allowing them to detach and develop into new tissue.

For example, when food gets scarce, B. subtilis must decide between two possible paths: shut down, form a dormant spore — a process called «sporulation» — and wait for better times or split into two cells and gamble that there is enough food for at least one more generation.

Prof. Hasan's group show that a process called SOCE (Store Operated Calcium Entry) which works to maintain calcium levels in cells could also play a role in maintaining the levels of dopamine, a vital neurotransmitter in the brain.

One of the most dramatic examples of methylation is the shutdown of one of the two X chromosomes (one from each parent) in every woman's cells, a process called X-inactivation (New Scientist, 10 May 2003, p 42).

Once the inflammatory process has been initiated, neutrophils within the joint space release interleukin - 1, which induces cells lining the joint space to produce chemoattractants called chemokines that further facilitate the movement of neutrophils into the joint space.

Exercise can enhance the development of new brain cells in the adult brain, a process called adult neurogenesis.

This process helps to form both a bacteria - killing NET — which is comprised of infection - combatting white blood cells called neutrophils — and the fluffy, scattered ball that comprises a blood clot.