Sentences with phrase «cell shapes by»

Not exact matches

Typically, 70 to 75 percent of the extracted cell liquid, mostly water, will be replaced by sugar, while shape, color and a good portion of the flavor will be preserved.

These complex sugars are indigestible by the infant but appear to play a powerful role in shaping an infant's gut microbiome, the fine - tuned community of trillions of microbial cells that, again, scientists are only beginning to understand.

The compound (right panel) has a scorpion - like shape with two arms grabbing EphA2 - expressing cancer cells, and a tail (brown) constituted by a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent (paclitaxel used in this work).

To guide ECM growth in particular alignments, the researchers used molds with very specific shapes, often constrained by pegs the cells had to grow around.

The grand plan envisioned by Ohio State University investigator Nicanor Moldovan and his colleagues entails sowing cells harvested from vessel lining, or endothelium, in silicon molds shaped like capillaries.

So far the blocks have been used to build a variety of living 3D shapes that have never before been created on a cell - by - cell basis, such as tubes and solid spheres.

The researchers also found they could create cell balls of different shapes by moving the lid, changing its shape and the strength of the magnet.

The absorbance and scattering of light is determined by the size, shape and material of the nanomaterial and, more importantly, it is also affected by any medium in close proximity to the nanomushroom, such as cells that have been placed on the slide.

The other is a 57 - cell shape (discovered by none other than Coxeter), but 57 is not prime.

A combination of circumstances induced me to leave India and enroll in the graduate program in what was then the department of cellular and developmental biology at the University of Arizona, Tucson, in the U.S. My Ph.D. supervisor, Neil Mendelson, had been a well - known name in DNA replication and cell division in Bacillus subtilis, but by the time I had joined his lab, his interest had decidedly shifted to cell shape determination.

The mushroom - shaped protein specializes in infecting cells, first by binding a trio of sites on its head to three separate sugar molecules on the surface of targeted cells.

Researchers know that shape is determined by the cell wall, yet little is known about how bacteria monitor and control it.

The process, reported in Human Reproduction, utilizes DNA fingerprinting (an assessment of active genes in a given cell) to boost the success rate of IVF and lower the chances of risky multiple births by identifying which of several five - day - old embryos are most likely to result in pregnancy The new method, which will replace unproved alternatives such as choosing embryos based on their shape, is likely to up the success of women becoming pregnant and lower their chances of having multiple births.

An individual's tendency to be pear or apple - shaped may in part be set by the ability of their thigh fat cells to recruit more adipocytes.

Lindquist's group theorized that the trait is passed from one generation of cells to the next by a misfolded protein that triggers other proteins to change their shape as well.

I was struck by the similarities between the pasta shapes shown in Richard Webb's article on their mathematical interpretation (15 October, p 48) and some shells of foraminifera, a type of single - celled marine planktonic animal.

The disease is caused by the accumulation of abnormally shaped α - synuclein proteins in neurons, leading to particularly toxic effects in dopamine - releasing cells located in brain regions that control movement.

By studying how mitochondria respond to a parasitic infection, Pernas has begun to probe the ways access to nutrients in the cell — which both the cell and the parasite need — shapes an infection.

The electric eel generates large electric currents by way of a highly specialized nervous system that has the capacity to synchronize the activity of disc - shaped, electricity - producing cells packed into a specialized electric organ.

Depending on which device they buy, researchers can photograph cells at anywhere from 20x to 60x magnification, and use the included software to sort them by purely visual characteristics such as shape and size, fluorescent markers, or both.

These neurons and the synapses between them are supported by long, tree - shaped cells called Müller glia (in green), which may provide a new therapeutic target for treating degenerative eye diseases.

In fact, tests undertaken on red blood cells showed that the star - shaped polymer dosage rate would need to be increased by a factor of greater than 100 to become toxic.

By identifying novel genes and molecular pathways involved in shaping a taste cell's function, these findings may someday allow scientists to treat taste disorders, characterize new taste qualities, or even fine - tune a person's taste perception to encourage healthier eating.

Sheldrake's basic folly, argues Wolpert, is that he is pushing the notion of morphic resonance at precisely the time when strictly biochemical analysis of cell structure and organization is close to providing a comprehensive explanation for morphogenesis, the process by which living creatures acquire their shapes.

Sheldrake contends that the shapes cells assume and the forms of tissues, organs, and the whole animal — in other words, morphogenesis itself — are not explained by protein synthesis alone.

Now, findings from Monell reveal that a person's sensitivity to bitter taste is shaped not only by which taste genes that person has, but also by how much messenger RNA — the gene's instruction guide that tells a taste cell to build a specific receptor — their cells make.

The research suggests that reducing production of the protein, called myoferlin, affects cancer cells in two primary ways: by changing the activation of many genes involved in metastasis in favor of normal cell behavior, and by altering mechanical properties of cancer cells — including their shape and ability to invade — so they are more likely to remain nested together rather than breaking away to travel to other tissues.

«We've shown that any simple or complex cell shape can be captured like music by its pitch, amplitude and timbre,» she explains.

The team has then demonstrated its technique by printing a «living tattoo» — a thin, transparent patch patterned with live bacteria cells in the shape of a tree.

With a cell - by - cell assessment of gene activity they are monitoring how precursor cells shape and organize themselves into something loosely resembling a functioning liver.

The research team found that this non-coding RNA fragment maintains healthy cells through two mechanisms: Firstly by regulating the levels of DIRAS3, one of its neigboring genes that is involved in cell replication; secondly by suppressing a network of genes that prepare cells to change their shape and prepare for metastasis.

Environmental «noise» is a key evolutionary pressure that shapes the interconnections within cells, as well as those of neural networks and bacterial / ecological networks, they observe in a paper to be published online April 30 by the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.

The new model, which is a scaled - down version of an earlier numerical model by Shaqfeh and colleagues that provided the first large - scale, quantitative explanation of the formation of the layer, can predict how blood cells with varying shapes, sizes, and properties — including the crescent - shaped cells that are the hallmark of sickle cell anemia — will influence blood flow.

The research scientists have tested the feasibility of the method by printing leaf - shaped photovoltaic cells.

«Our findings indicate the existence of long - distance interactions between lung tumors and bones: lung tumors remotely activate osteoblasts, and those bone cells, in turn, shape immunity by supplying tumors with cancer - promoting neutrophils,» says Pittet, who is an associate professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School.

King said that by studying how the shape of proteins change, researchers can determine how drugs bind and interact with cells.

«We know that cells are shaped by their surroundings,» said Ian Y. Wong, assistant professor of engineering and one of the study's authors.

Scientists studying brain diseases may need to look beyond nerve cells and start paying attention to the star - shaped cells known as «astrocytes,» because they play specialized roles in the development and maintenance of nerve circuits and may contribute to a wide range of disorders, according to a new study by UC San Francisco researchers.

«By controlling the geometry and growth rates of groups of cells, you could then scale this up to control the size and shape of an organ such as a leaf, which is crucial for plant productivity.»

Cells build proteins by linking amino acids into a chain, which spontaneously folds into a three - dimensional shape that lets the protein do its various jobs.

These bacterial films may have duped researchers by growing into the channels and spaces where the T. rex's blood vessels and bone cells (osteocytes) had once been, mirroring both the shape and elasticity of soft tissue.

A study published February 7 in Cell Reports suggests that pieces of hydras have structural memory that helps them shape their new body plan according to the pattern inherited by the animal's «skeleton.»

The renowned embryologist charted the intricate architecture of the developing nervous system, proving that its final structure is shaped not just by newborn cells but also by those that eventually die.

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized by membranes, whose shape and dynamics are precisely regulated to maintain their correct functions.

Surprisingly, they observed that lumen shape was controlled by the three - dimensional organisation of ECM around cells.

These tumors get their name from their distinctive spindle - shaped cells, readily detectable by immunohistochemistry.

The 2.52 billion - year - old sulfur - oxidizing bacteria are described by Czaja as exceptionally large, spherical - shaped, smooth - walled microscopic structures much larger than most modern bacteria, but similar to some modern single - celled organisms that live in deepwater sulfur - rich ocean settings today, where even now there are almost no traces of oxygen.

The previously unknown nerve cell shape is now presented in the journal Neuron by a research team from Heidelberg, Mannheim and Bonn.

One of the sponge's cell types is the distinctively shaped choanocyte, a cell equipped with a tiny long filament, called a flagellum, surrounded by a collar studded with even tinier hairs called microvilli.

The research, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS), indicates that rod - shaped particles (150 nanometers in diameter by 450 nanometers long) penetrated human cells about four times faster and traveled farther into the cells than particles with more balanced dimensions (such as 200 nanometers by 200 nanometers).