Sentences with phrase «cell surfaces called»

The team used patterned photoactivation non-linear SIM to produce videos showing structural proteins break down and reassemble themselves as cells move and change shape, as well as the dynamics of tiny pits on cell surfaces called caveolae.

This interacted with proteins on the cell surface called proteoglycans which led to the nanoparticles being ingested by the cell.

A critical discovery in this research was finding that the novel progenitor has a receptor protein on its cell surface called KDR, or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which until now, was thought to be restricted to endothelial cells that form vessels, the progenitors for endothelial cells and the progenitors blood cells.

Using their novel approach, the scientists were able to disable a protein on the T - cell surface called CXCR4, which can be exploited by HIV when the virus infects T cells and causes AIDS.

This physical change causes adhesion receptors on the cell surface called integrins to clump together.

Not exact matches

In 1987 a group of French scientists had discovered a protein protruding from the surface of T cells, which they called CTLA - 4.

The antibody binds to a protein on the surface of T cells called the PD - 1 receptor.

Further study revealed that these so - called immune proteins are actually present on the surface of certain nerve cells, but that they functioned differently in the brain than they did in the rest of the body; rather than scouting for germs, they influenced signals sent between neurons.

Now, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown, in mice, that the virus infects a rare type of intestinal cell called a tuft cell, so named because each cell sports a cluster of hairlike extensions on its surface.

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

In this study, the SIgN team discovered for the first time that the integrity of p53 affects the production of a special cell surface protein called Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I. MHC class I molecules on the cancer cell surface serve as targets for the immune system.

For instance, LKB1 also helped to repress cell surface markers on immune cells called dendritic cells that fueled the allergic reaction.

Called TSH for short, this hormone attaches to a receptor on the thyroid cell surface, triggering a series of signals that provoke the gland to pump out thyroid hormones.

One key gene encodes the making of a receptor called TREM2, a docking site for molecules on the surface of microglia and other innate immune cells.

Robyn Biti, Graeme Stewart of Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia, and colleagues report that they have found an HIV - infected homosexual man whose white blood cells contain a defective copy of a critical surface protein, called CCR5, that the virus uses to gain entry into the cells.

A glycoprotein on the virus's surface called hemagglutinin, which has 17 identified types (H1 - H17), determines how the virus sticks to and enters the host cell.

Finally, the team grew the tissue in a three - dimensional system, which coaxed it into forming all the structures found in gut tissue, including the finger - like villi that protrude inwards to increase surface area, and recesses called crypts containing the intestinal stem cells that renew the gut lining weekly (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature09691).

The protein, called Eppin, has been found so far on the surface of sperm cells and elsewhere in the testes and epididymis.

They identified these cells by looking for cell surface proteins called CD31 and CD146.

Endocannabinoids act on a group of cell - surface molecules called cannabinoid receptors that help to regulate appetite, mood and memory.

«The antibody binds to a specific protein, called CD44s, which is expressed on the surface of pancreatic cancer stem cells.

An animal's immune system detects foreign cells by scanning for proteins, called antigens, that stick out from the surface of each cell.

Liang Xu, Ph.D. member of the KU Cancer Center's Drug Discovery, Delivery and Experimental Therapeutics program and associate professor of molecular biosciences at KU, has discovered that targeting a cell - surface receptor called «CD44s» can block pancreatic tumor formation and recurrence after radiotherapy.

The T cell's self - destruct program is turned on when a molecule on its surface, called Fas, binds to a protein called Fas ligand.

Researchers at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and the Broad Institute have identified the presence of this protein, called CD55, found to be critical to the Plasmodium falciparum parasite's ability to attach itself to the red blood cell surface during invasion.

In their report published in Science Immunology they describe how expression of a specific molecule — complement C5a — is required to cause the immune cells called neutrophils to adhere to joint surfaces and migrate into the joint, a process known to set off the inflammatory cascade.

Scientists create compounds called «correctors» to fix the CFTR proteins so that proper amounts transit to the cell surface where they can serve as chloride channels to help maintain a well - hydrated airway.

Equally important, they developed surface molecules called integrins that are only produced when CD4 cells are destined for mucosal surfaces, such as those in the vagina.

But when PD - 1 binds to proteins called PD - L1 and PD - L2 on the surface of certain cancer cells, the T cells essentially become paralyzed: the immune attack on cancer is called off.

Scientists also create compounds called «potentiators» to activate the CFTR channels at the cell surface to maintain the proper balance of electrolytes in fluids, including those found inside lungs.

The patients received biweekly infusions of nivolumab, which is an antibody that blocks a protein called PD - 1 on the surface of immune system T cells.

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

The presence of this protein, called CD55, was found to be critical to the Plasmodium falciparum parasite's ability to attach itself to the red blood cell surface during invasion.

The same compound promotes the growth of tooth tissue called dentine — a protective material between the sensitive pulp inside a tooth and the enamel on its surface — so Cohen believes that the type of tissue formed partly depends on the neighbouring cells.

When PDGF arrives at the cell surface, it binds to a protein called PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase (PDGF RTK).

In this situation, oxygen that enters the light organ is bound to the surface of the cell's energy - producing organelles, called the mitrochondria, and is thereby not available for transport further within the light organ.

Researchers knew that cells could ingest some molecules and break them down completely inside small vesicles called lysosomes, but none of the products was transported back to the surface of the cell.

pAPCs express toll - like receptors on their surfaces that recognize and trap molecular patterns called antigens on bacteria, food and our own cells.

Taste cells are located in clusters called taste buds, which in turn are found in papillae, the raised bumps visible on the tongue's surface.

Now Ahern has discovered that some drugs used to put patients to sleep may also increase postoperative pain from the procedure itself by boosting the activity of a protein called TRPA1 on the surface of pain - sensing nerve cells.

MERS CoV (CoV stands for coronavirus) has on its surface an array of spike - shaped proteins that bind to host cells — specifically to receptor proteins called DPP4 on the surface of cells that line human airways.

«Beta blockers may lead to new novel triple negative breast cancer treatments: New research suggests that adrenaline can act on tumor cells via a cell surface receptor called the beta2 - adrenoceptor and that changes in signaling within the cell make it highly invasive.»

They also showed that the cephalosporinases are exported out of the bacterial cells, attached to the surface of special packages called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).

The immune system recognizes transplanted organs as foreign tissue by telltale proteins, called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), that coat cell surfaces.

Called G551D, it's behind about 4 % of U.S. cases; the protein gets to the cell surface like it's supposed to, but it's closed up tight and can't function.

Think of brain cells as rooms with locks called receptors on their surfaces and a hypocretin as a key that is also a stimulant.

The Grieneisen lab uses the reference plant Arabidopsis and computer models to focus on the misshapen misfits called pavement cells that make up the surface of plant leaves.

In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a vaccination targeting tumors that produced IL - 15 and its cell surface receptor called IL - 15R - alpha -LRB--RRB- and examined their ability to up - regulate (or increase) immune responses to tumor antigens,» Morris says.

In clinical trials already underway, for example, researchers have used an older gene - editing technique, enzymes call zinc finger nucleases, in immune cells to deactivate the gene for CCR5, a surface protein that HIV latches onto in order to infect cells.

Immune cells called dendritic cells educate T cells, infection - fighting immune cells, to smell the outer surface of the skin and go there to do battle.