«Long - term remissions in some patients after stem
cell transplants from donors have been observed, but treatment - related toxicity limits the widespread use of this therapy.»
They are safer than
cells transplanted from a donor because risk of rejection is gone.
Researchers report today that they grew prostate glands — important for reproduction in male mammals — in mice using a single stem
cell transplanted from the prostates of donor mice.
One year later Brown's cancer returned, and he was given another stem
cell transplant from the same donor.
The only curative treatment is a hematopoietic (blood - forming) stem
cell transplant from a compatible donor.
Results from a recent trial of this technique in a SCID disorder show 100 % survival rates at 7 years post-treatment, xvi compared with 85 % survival in patients receiving a stem
cell transplant from a healthy sibling.
Not exact matches
The cost of stem
cell transplants, for example, range
from $ 350,000 to $ 800,000.
«Scientists say they have replaced a 65 - year - old patient's upper jaw with a bone
transplant cultivated
from stem
cells isolated
from his own fatty tissue and grown inside his abdomen.»
This may entail making small holes in the bone to allow new cartilage to grow (microfracture), taking cartilage
from another part of the athlete's knee and
transplanting it into the defect (osteochondral autograft transfer), taking cartilage
cells from the knee and then having them grown in a lab for later re-implantation (autologous chondrocyte implantation), or taking cartilage
from a person who has passed away and placing it in the defect (osteochondral allograft transfer).
Breech Twins and higher order multiples Previous CS Pre-Eclampsia Placenta praevia Cervical incompetence Previous late stillbirth Previous premature birth Grand multiparty Age under 18 Age over 35 Smoking Drug use Severe mental health issue Epilepsy Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Asthma GBS positive Abnormal antibodies
Transplant recipient Congenital heart disease Known foetal abnormality Immunosuppressive medication MS Physical disability Intellectual disability Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Previous shoulder dystocia Previous 3rd or 4th degree tear Sickle
Cell anaemia BMI under 18 or over 35 at conception Previous massive PPH APH in current pregnancy HIV / AIDS Hepatitis B or C Active TB IUGR Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Child previously removed
from custody because of abuse Uterine abnormalities such as uterine septum or double uterus Previous uterine surgery for fibroids Chronic renal problems Hypertension Auto immune condition Previous stroke or blod clot Cancer Domestic violence or abusive home Prisoners Homeless women
(borrowed
from Dr Kitty) Breech Twins and higher order multiples Previous CS Pre-Eclampsia Placenta praevia Cervical incompetence Previous late stillbirth Previous premature birth Grand multiparty Age under 18 Age over 35 Smoking Drug use Severe mental health issue Epilepsy Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Asthma GBS positive Abnormal antibodies
Transplant recipient Congenital heart disease Known foetal abnormality Immunosuppressive medication MS Physical disability Intellectual disability Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Previous shoulder dystocia Previous 3rd or 4th degree tear Sickle
Cell anaemia BMI under 18 or over 35 at conception Previous massive PPH APH in current pregnancy HIV / AIDS Hepatitis B or C Active TB IUGR Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Child previously removed
from custody because of abuse Uterine abnormalities such as uterine septum or double uterus Previous uterine surgery for fibroids Chronic renal problems Hypertension Auto immune condition Previous stroke or blod clot Cancer Domestic violence or abusive home Prisoners Homeless women
Not only were there no adverse effects
from the
transplanted cells — this was primarily a safety trial — but 10 patients showed marked improvements in vision, and the eyesight in another seven seems to have stabilized.
Da Cruz and his team grew replacement RPE
cells from human embryonic stem
cells on a thin plastic scaffold, before
transplanting the tissue into the back of each volunteer's eye.
In somatic
cell nuclear transfer, a nucleus
from a mature body
cell is
transplanted into an egg
cell without a nucleus.
A woman with age - related macular degeneration seems to have had her vision stabilised thanks to a
transplant of retinal
cells generated
from her skin
For example, a consortium of research groups called the London Project to Cure Blindness aims to test RPE
transplants from embryonic stem
cells in patients with macular degeneration this year.
A drug used to stop immune
cells from gobbling up
transplanted organs and bone marrow has been caught boosting the immune response to a virus in mice and monkeys.
Craig Venter «s team at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California, has made a bacterial genome
from smaller DNA subunits and then
transplanted the whole thing into another
cell.
Previous researchers have also used
cell transplant technologies to repair injured hearts, but these used CMs organized in two dimensions with a random, myofibril structure, which is different
from natural heart tissue.
The Boston patients, in contrast, are free of the virus thanks to a combination of a bone marrow
transplant plus continuing antiretroviral drugs to stop newly donated immune
cells from being infected.
They both had standard chemotherapy to kill their native blood
cells before undergoing a bone - marrow
transplant from a donor to repopulate their blood.
The authors of the study say that improvements in management, multi-drug chemotherapy, immunotherapies, stem
cell transplants, radiotherapy and treatments that have less toxic side - effects have all contributed to the improvement in survival
from leukemia.
Stem
cells created
from unfertilized mice eggs are successfully
transplanted without immune rejection
Jacob's team has
transplanted the back - up or «alternative» respiratory machinery
from the mitochondria of lower organisms to human
cells, showing that it can protect against pathological stresses, and even lethal poisons like cyanide, that target the mitochondria.
However, to be truly useful, one must be able to
transplant the bacterial chromosome
from yeast back into a recipient bacterial
cell.
Freed expects
transplants of neurons derived
from embryonic stem
cells to enter the clinical arena soon as well.
Patients with severe and end - stage heart failure have few treatment options available to them apart
from transplants and «miraculous» stem
cell therapy.
Mice
transplanted with
cells grown
from a patient suffering
from Huntington's disease (HD) develop the clinical features and brain pathology of that patient, suggests a study published in the latest issue of Acta Neuropathologica by CHA University in Korea, in collaboration with researchers at Université Laval in Québec City, Canada.
Two men known only as the «Boston patients» have both stopped taking their anti-HIV medications following
transplants of bone - marrow stem
cells that appear to have banished the virus
from their bodies.
And early stage startup Neochromosome, which includes Boeke, intends to raise money to design synthetic chromosomes for medicine that could be used in an off - the - shelf universal
cell line in
cell therapies and
transplants with minimal risk of rejection
from the immune system.
Eighteen adults with severe eye disease who were among the first people to receive
transplants created
from human embryonic stem
cells (hESCs) continue to have no apparent complications with the introduced
cells after an average of nearly 2 years, according to the latest status report on their health.
Using
cells from cadavers, doctors have been experimentally
transplanting pancreatic islets into humans for decades, but as many as 60 percent of the
transplanted islets die immediately because they are cut off
from their blood supply and are killed by an immune response due to direct injection into the bloodstream, and those that survive the
transplant usually die within several months.
In people with severe eye disease,
transplants made
from embryonic stem
cells (in region of black dotted circle) appear safe, and became larger and more pigmented over time (right).
Researchers at Dana - Farber / Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center report promising outcomes
from a clinical trial with patients with a rare form of bone marrow failure who received a hematopoietic stem
cell transplant (HSCT) after pre-treatment with immunosuppressive drugs only.
Rather, the group speculates that the
transplanted cells secreted protective neurotrophins, proteins that promote
cell survival by keeping neurons
from inducing apoptosis (programmed
cell death).
«If you give patients immune
cells to eradicate any remaining cancer
cells that might be present,» he says, «those immune
cells would not be prevented
from doing their job by ongoing immune suppression drugs that are being used in patients treated with conventional
transplant approaches.»
Once the UCLA researchers had produced iPS
cells that were free
from Duchenne mutations, they differentiated the iPS
cells into cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
cells and then
transplanted the skeletal muscle
cells into mice that had a genetic mutation in the dystrophin gene.
The
cells were derived
from eggs that had been injected with DNA
from the patients, so they could eventually be
transplanted back to replace or correct the patient's diseased
cells without fear of immune rejection.
After fishing stem
cells from each individual's own blood, the researchers inserted a normal version of the ABCD1 gene into some of the
cells and
transplanted them back into the kids.
Because of this, families and doctors often shrink
from transplant options, particularly when it comes to treating children, and it will limit the extent to which the breakthroughs in gene therapy and gene editing will be applied, explained Scadden, who is a practicing hematologist at MGH and chairman of Harvard's Department of Stem
Cell and Regenerative Biology.
Diabetes researchers are considering various replacements for insulin injections:
Transplanting new pancreatic islet
cells that make insulin, coaxing the patient's own islets to regenerate, or treating diabetics early in the disease with immune - suppressing therapies to prevent their body
from destroying the rest of their pancreatic islets.
Now, six years after insulin - producing
cells were first
transplanted into people with diabetes, results
from the largest trial yet of the «Edmonton protocol» are in.
By measuring the signal returned
from the
transplant locations, she was able to determine how many of the
cells survived.
Beta
cells donated
from deceased individuals have already been
transplanted into diabetic patients through a procedure called the Edmonton protocol.
«When we
transplanted our labeled blood stem
cells from the bone marrow into other mice, only a few stem
cells were active in the recipients, and many stem
cells were lost,» Rodewald explains.
Beyond this, we could take the DNA repair abilities
from Polypedilum vanderplanki, a fly whose larvae can survive complete desiccation and extremes of heat and cold, and
transplant them into human
cells.
Researchers can create iPSCs
from a patient's blood or skin
cells, and use these patient - specific
cells to study diseases or even create new tissues that could be
transplanted back into the patient as therapy.
Others include
transplanting so - called Schwann
cells from peripheral nerves, using growth factors to stimulate nerve growth, and boosting the immune system in the damaged area (New Scientist magazine, 14 August 1999, p 36).
Researchers already envision
transplanting ready - made embryonic stem
cells back into people, providing cures for a huge range of diseases,
from diabetes to paralysis to Alzheimer's.
However, in the wake of fatalities
from gene therapy and other technologies, as well as the potential for cancers associated with stem
cell transplants, governments are understandably nervous about safety issues — not to mention the ethical maze of tinkering with fledgling life.