Sentences with phrase «cell tumors occur»

Not exact matches

To uncover how this resistance occurs, Guo and Lu teamed with Xu, Herlyn and colleagues examined both cell lines and tumor biopsies from melanoma patients before and after either BRAF inhibitor therapy or BRAF / MEK inhibitor combination therapy.

In addition to diminishing the tumor's energy supply, the diet slows the growth of glioblastoma cells by altering a cellular - signaling pathway that commonly occurs in cancers, according to the researchers.

Dr. Massagué is particularly interested in the ability of tumor cells to hug blood vessels, as he suspects this behavior may be essential for the survival of metastatic cancer cells not only in the brain but also in other parts of the body where metastatic tumor growth can occur.

A study in this week's Neuron provides key evidence that DNA methylation — also known to occur as cancerous cells divide, when tumor suppressor genes are silenced — occurs in adult brains and can be triggered by environmental cues.

In collaboration with the group of Valerian Kagan, Ph.D., D.Sc., at the University of Pittsburgh, Gabrilovich and colleagues analyzed in great detail the events that take place in the DCs from tumor - bearing mice models and found that impaired cross-presentation, which occurred in the presence of tumor - derived factors, was associated with defective trafficking of the antigen - MHC complex to the cell surface.

Glutamine deprivation in these systems has been shown to be lethal to the cells — but does this also apply to naturally occurring tumors?

Rare stem - like tumor cells play a critical role in the spread of breast cancer, but a vulnerability in the pathway that powers them offers a strategy to target these cells using existing drugs before metastatic disease occurs, report University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center researchers.

Damage occurs when metastatic tumor cells recruit pre-osteoclast cells to the bone and then induce their differentiation into mature bone - degrading cells, which results in the release of proteins from the bone matrix that promote tumor cell growth.

«While these tumors appear to be muscle cells under the microscope, and clinicians had thought that they arose from muscle progenitor cells, that didn't explain why the tumors can occur in tissues that don't have skeletal muscle, like bladder, prostate and liver,» he continued.

To understand how these multi-colored lesions originated they examined blood from these mice and found that tumor cells in circulation frequently occurred as clusters comprised of different colored cancer cells.

How cell division occurs and is coordinated with organismal development is a subject of intense research interest, as is how this process malfunctions in the development of tumors.

If the signaling error occurs before the cells have differentiated to become either bone or hair or skin, the result can be a teratoma, a tumor that contains a jumble of cell types.

In experiments involving mice injected with human GBM cells, the scientists also demonstrated that if either PTEN or DAXX were eliminated, then tumor growth occurred.

In the fetal liver hybridomas, which were constructed from fetal liver cells and a tumor cell, no light chain gene rearrangement was observed, whereas in the 70Z / 3 cell line a kappa light chain rearrangement probably occurred.

Furthermore, the normal ductal cells that are able to develop into pancreatic cancer represent about 10 percent of the cells in the pancreas, complicating efforts to pinpoint the changes that occur as the tumor develops.

They work particularly well if the cancer cells they attack already have defects in the corresponding DNA repair pathways, as it frequently occurs in breast cancer and other tumors.

Only after the cell's inbuilt protective mechanisms have been switched off and dosage amplification occurs does a tumor ultimately form.

The authors note that there are two different models of metastasis — one in which an advanced primary tumor disseminates metastatic cells late in its development, which would predict little genetic difference between primary and metastatic cells, and another in which metastasis occurs early in tumor development, which would predict significant genetic differences in metastatic cells that have evolved separately from those in the primary tumor.

«These strategies would focus on promoting myelination in the peripheral nervous system for neuropathic disease or inhibiting Schwann cell over-proliferation that occurs during formation of peripheral nerve sheath tumors like neurofibromas.»

When such DNA damage occurs, proteins known as PARPs move to the site of damage and begin to mend these broken strands of DNA, allowing cancerous cells and tumors to recover, grow and proliferate, thereby escaping the effects of treatment.

The study has important implications for human health, and is particularly useful for understanding the changes that occur in cells during the development of the tumors that underlie cancers.

They have also used AAV gene editing to introduce naturally occurring cancer - causing mutations into the endogenous allele of the STAG2 tumor suppressor in human cells -LRB-

Normally, MIR506 plays an important role in regulating cell behavior; adequate levels help the cells function normally, while decreased levels trigger cell growth and expansion occurring in tumors.

These tumors occur primarily on the skin but may also arise in other tissues where pigment cells are found.

They have also used AAV gene editing to introduce naturally occurring cancer - causing mutations into the endogenous allele of the STAG2 tumor suppressor in human cells (Kim et al, 2016).

More importantly, Zhang and his team for the first time found that treating the pancreatic tumor cells with MIR506 induced autophagy, a process that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development and that could promote cancer cell death.

We developed SomaticSniper to detect somatic mutations in whole - genome sequencing data while allowing for tumor contamination of normal cells that occurs in some types of leukemia.

«We wanted to understand how a long - term high - fat diet influences the biology of stem cells, and how such diet - induced changes that occur in stem cells impact tumor initiation in the intestine,» Yilmaz says.

Researchers at the Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB define for the first time the tumor transition states occurring during cancer progression and identify the tumor cell populations responsible for metastasis.

These so - called «living drugs» — injected T cells genetically modified to better recognize and kill tumor cells through a perpetual process of cell renewal and expansion — are revolutionizing cancer treatment, with the first two FDA approvals of such gene - altering therapies occurring in just the last two months.

These cells are cancerous yet have properties of stem cells: self - renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types that occurs in tumors.

Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have uncovered details about how cancer is able to become drug resistant over time, a phenomenon that occurs because cancer cells within the same tumor aren't identical — the cells have slight genetic variation, or diversity.

An occurring problem, however, is that tumor cells can become resistant to these treatments and develop new ways of propagating.

University of Hawai'i Cancer Center researchers have identified an essential driver of tumor cell invasion in glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer that can occur at any age.

Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 occur in myeloid malignancies, T - cell lymphomas, and certain solid tumors.

Endogenous T cell therapy utilizes naturally - occurring antigen - specific T cells isolated from peripheral blood to treat solid tumor malignancies.

Thus, dissemination of cancer cells occurs after prolonged tumor development and following access to neighboring blood vessels via transit through stromal tissue.

The work is complemented by studies from other researchers published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Cell, which indicate that similar phenomena occur in E. coli cells and sequenced human tumors.

According to recent research, the most common solid tumors (that is, cancer that occurs as clusters of cells in or on organs, rather than in liquid form within the blood or lymphatic system) have up to 66 mutations that influence how the cancer cells operate — how fast they divide, whether they are susceptible to the signals that would normally cause a cell to die, when they detach from the main tumor to colonize another organ in the body, when and where they attach blood vessels to healthy tissues.

Melanocytes have the capacity to respond to a diverse number of extracellular signals, including UVR, endocrine signaling cascades that occur during pregnancy, micro-environments of the stem cell hair bulge vs. differentiated hair follicle niches, and hypoxic conditions found in metastatic melanoma tumors.

Colon and rectal cancers (CRC) occur when abnormal cells form tumors in the tissues of those body parts.

31) Soh J, Okumura N, Lockwood WW, Yamamoto H, Shigematsu H, Zhang W, Chari R, Shames D, Tang X, MacAulay C, Varella - Garcia M, Vooder T, Wistuba II, Lam S, Brekken R, Toyooka S, Minna JD, Lam WL, Gazdar AF (2009) Oncogene mutations, copy number gains and mutant allele specific imbalance (MASI) frequently occur together in tumor cells.

Synovial sarcoma is a cancer in the joints with a five - year and ten - year survival for people with Grade 3 tumors or metastatic disease of less than 25 % and 15 %, respectively, and Myxoid round cell liposarcoma is a malignant tumor that most often occurs in the deep - seated soft tissues of the extremities.

In preclinical research, tumor cells lysed by coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), a naturally occurring «common cold» ICAM - 1 — targeted RNA virus, induced a secondary systemic host - generated antitumor immune response.

When male SCID / NOD mice were injected with 5 × 106 cells, a baseline signal was not reported until two weeks after inoculation (Mitsiades et al., 2004), while Azab and colleagues, which inoculated 2 × 106 MM.1S - luc cells, reported that it took 3 — 4 weeks for sufficient tumor progression to occur and be detected (Azab et al., 2009).

Colon cancer occurs when high levels of dietary vegetable oils and hydrogenated fats, along with certain carcinogens, are acted on by certain enzymes in the cells lining the colon, leading to tumor formation.14 This explains the fact that in industrialized countries, where there are many carcinogens in the diet and where consumption of vegetable oils and carcinogens is high, some studies have correlated meat - eating with colon cancer; but in traditional societies, where vegetable oils are absent and the food is free of additives, meat - eating is not associated with cancer.

However, other studies in mice with breast cancer show that once cancer has already been initiated, stress can lead to increased rates of tumor spread and metastases.26 Similarly, when mice were injected with leukemic cells and stressed physically and physiologically with injections of adrenaline, cancer progression occurred.27 Some scientists even propose that, while necessary in many cases of cancer, undergoing surgery may cause enough stress to lead to tumor promotion and progression.28 Therefore, it seems like acute stress may help fight cancer, chronic stress may help cause it, but once cancer is present, both acute and chronic stress may lead to cancer progression.

Polyunsaturated fats such as corn oil and soybean oil are highly unstable and vulnerable to oxidation — and oxidation, in turn, is linked to cancer — while the omega - 6 fatty acids that predominate in vegetable oils have been shown to accelerate the growth of tumor cells.6 As Fallon and Enig explain, 4 excessive consumption of toxic polyunsaturated oils — not red meat — represents a known mechanism for colon cancer: «Colon cancer occurs when high levels of dietary vegetable oils and hydrogenated fats, along with certain carcinogens, are acted on by certain enzymes in the cells lining the colon, leading to tumor formation» [Emphasis added].

Cancer shortens the lives of nearly half of all dogs and cats in the U.S. Cancer in pets occurs when the body's immune system can not stop cells from replicating at an abnormally fast, disorderly pace and forming a mass known as a tumor.

A similar estrogen problem (sertoli cell tumor) occasionally occurs in male dogs that have undescended testicles (cryptorchids).