Sentences with phrase «cell types control»

This result reflected earlier findings that ILC and T cell subclasses produce similar sets of cytokines, but also revealed differences in how the two cell types control the activities of these key immune response genes.

Tissue / cell type control.

Not exact matches

CRAC channels control the entry of calcium into immune and other cell types, and calcium is an important intracellular signaling molecule that modulates cytokine production and the immune response.

First, an adult cell would be removed from a patient and the DNA of that cell altered to control and direct the types of gene expression the nucleus is capable of supporting.

Scientists have long speculated that astrocytes, the cell type that controls many neuronal functions, give rise to neural stem cells in damaged brain tissue.

That type of fine - grained control is also revealing that at least some tumors may begin releasing cells sooner than scientists had realized.

A type of immune therapy known as PD - 1 blockade controlled cancer in 77 percent of patients with defects in DNA mismatch repair — the system cells use to spell - check and fix errors in DNA (SN Online: 10/7/15).

To make stem cells the basis for safe medical treatments, however, the field would need the ability to tightly control stem cell pluripotency, the ability to become many cell types, and self - renewal or immortality, the ability to keep dividing and multiplying over time in constant turnover.

Setton says the multistep process her lab used to derive NP - type cells from the hiPSCs provides the necessary quality control as scientists seek additional uses for stem cell therapies.

The cells we have studied control the blink reflex, but there are many cells of the same type that control entirely different processes.

The circuit Hasan's group has discovered consists of three types of nerve cells — one set senses and reports the lack of protein in food, a second set integrates this input with metabolic information and the third set controls the hormonal signals necessary to begin pupation.

Duke University biologist Pelin Volkan and colleagues have identified a set of genetic control switches that interact early in a fly's development to generate dozens of types of olfactory neurons, specialized nerve cells for smell.

By tweaking different fly genes and counting how many neuron types were produced as the flies matured, the team identified a network of five genes that work together like coordinated control switches to guide the precursor cells» transformation to mature neurons.

Once stem cells can be grown and differentiated in a controlled way to replace degenerated cells and repair tissues, medical science may then be able to diagnose and cure many intractable diseases at their earliest stages, such as type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, various cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, and cancer.

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

The smart window controls the transmission of visible light and infrared heat into the building, while the new type of solar cell uses near - UV light to power the system.

They discovered that genetic variation influencing a person's risk for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1diabetes is more likely to control gene activity in T cells than in monocytes.

By programming cells to produce different types of curli fibers under certain conditions, the researchers were able to control the biofilms» properties and create gold nanowires, conducting biofilms, and films studded with quantum dots, or tiny crystals that exhibit quantum mechanical properties.

This makes them easier to control than other types of cells used in therapies and makes side effects unlikely.

«TGF - beta functions as an important time signal that controls when a stem cell should stop producing one type of nerve cell and instead start producing another, while also gradually limiting the stem cell's future development capacity,» says Johan Ericson, Professor of Developmental Biology, who led the study.

If edible beef is the goal, you don't want any hoof or fur mixed in with it, but as of now, scientists can not consistently control what type of cells are produced.

The researchers traced stem cells as they matured into motor neurons, which are the type of nerve cells that control muscle movement.

Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) researchers have discovered that a particular type of protein (hormone) found in fat cells helps regulate how glucose (blood sugar) is controlled and metabolized (used for energy) in the liver.

In experiments in mice, UC San Francisco researchers have discovered that regulatory T cells (Tregs; pronounced «tee - regs»), a type of immune cell generally associated with controlling inflammation, directly trigger stem cells in the skin to promote healthy hair growth.

Spanish scientists have discovered that melatonin consumption helps control weight gain because it stimulates the appearance of «beige fat», a type of fat cell that burns calories in vivo instead of storing them.

It plays an important role in how cells sense their neighbors and, by controlling gene expression, determines which cells should develop into different types and how much they should grow - like a master controller.»

«We don't yet know if this type of coordination and control works in stem cell niches of other tissue types,» says DiNardo.

The specific pattern of epigenetic marks in a cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our cells different, for example a skin cell from a liver cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.

An international research team headed by the rheumatologist Dr Andreas Ramming at Friedrich - Alexander - Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU) has now managed to identify an immune system cell type that can be used in a targeted attempt to control the inflammatory response in arthritis patients.

As such, scientists hypothesise that cathelicidins may be involved in the control of type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease where certain cells in the immune system attack beta cells in the pancreas which secrete insulin.

The research also answers a long - standing question about why motor neurons, the nerve cells of the spinal cord that control muscle movement, form much faster than other types of neurons.

Tumors are home to diverse immune cell types, some of which remain much less explored than T cells and could also control cancer progression» says Mikael Pittet, PhD, director of the Cancer Immunology Program in the MGH Center for Systems Biology and senior author of the Science paper.

Before the vaccination, only 4 % of the participants» cytotoxic T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell that helps control infections) specifically targeted these conserved proteins; after vaccination, that jumped to 67 %.

Named after the BMP signal protein, this pathway controls the evolution of various cell types depending on the protein concentration, similar to the Wnt pathway, but in a different direction.

In some human cell types, this process is controlled by a family of regulatory proteins called ESRP.

«This type of analysis is likely to become a gold standard for quality controlling stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, whether they are to be used solely in research or envisioned for clinical applications,» he says.

The researchers were also able to control the relative composition of different hormonal cell types simply by exposing human pluripotent stem cells to different ratios of two proteins: fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein 2.

In the Nature papers, the researchers compared gene transcription, chromatin modification and other processes that control gene activity in a wide range of mouse and human tissues and cell types.

The antibody fragment was selected because it uniquely binds to the cell membranes of red blood cell precursors while avoiding other types of blood cells that control clotting and vessel growth.

Melton says his lab has iPS cell lines from people with diabetes — both type 1 and type 2, in which the β cells are not destroyed — and healthy controls.

This «friendly fire» goes unchecked due to the failing of another type of immune cell: called the T - reg, which controls T - effector cells, shutting them down when they are not needed.

They hypothesized that a different type of CD8 T cells — one that acts more like a stem cell — could help control the infection long term.

It exerts this control by regulating cell proliferation and transformation into specific organ cell types.

Previously, in the region that controls the function of the transcription factor that promotes differentiation from ES cells to a specific cell type, bivalent modifications of histones such as the accelerator and brake histone marks for transcription were thought to have coexisted.

To determine whether ZFN - mediated disruption of cxcr4 indeed protects CD4 + T cells from an in vitro HIV challenge, human CD4 + T cells from three different ccr5 wild type donors were stimulated and transduced with AdX4 - ZFNs or an AdR5 - ZFNs control.

Control studies were performed using cells expressing either wild - type PREX2 or green fluorescent protein (GFP).

The treatment induced changes in the synthesis of 101 proteins and ELISA analysis revealed a sixfold higher secretion of type II collagen compared to control cells.

Now, Professor Martin and colleagues have discovered that in response to specific types of cell damage, Parkin can trigger the self - destruction of «injured» nerve cells by switching on a controlled process of «cellular suicide» called apoptosis.

One type, characterized by the presence of dynamic, unstable, nucleosomes, is found at highly expressed genes, such as those involved in the control of cell growth and division.

Other researchers at Joslin are conducting large scale genetic screening for novel therapeutic targets to control autoimmunity, which will complement the effort of BAIRT to extend autologous beta cell replacement to patients with type 1 diabetes.