It is made from a single -
celled organism which is grown on molasses and then harvested, washed, and dried with heat to kill or «deactivate» it.
Matter spontaneously self - constructed miraculously to produce the first single -
celled organism which by the way had to be complex at the very start in order to sustain itself AND reproduce?
And let's remember that evolution, while it's a theory, is a theory about the beginning and the transformation of life based on things we have observed, namely that cells change and mutate and that those mutations can produce cells that are unique and new, and that it would follow that it's possible for molecules to form into single -
celled organisms which mutate and combine into multi-cellular organisms which mutate, adapt, and grow over time into new forms of life.
Not exact matches
Research on a new «gene editing» technology known as CRISPR —
which theoretically allows any
cell or
organism to have its genome altered — is advancing exponentially, with early research ongoing on human embryos created for that purpose.
To the contrary, it is more fantastic than we can imagine — hundreds of billions (trillions) of galaxies with hundreds of billions (trillions) of stars, nearly all of
which have planets, some right for life; planets so hot that they rain glass; stars made of diamonds; the lineage of animals from singled
celled organisms to the incredible variety that exists today with their unique adaptations.
The consensus on the evolution of primitive life is that simple life forms (prokaryotes,
organisms whose
cells lack a distinct nucleus) inhabited the Earth about 3 - 4 billion years ago, eukaryotic
cells (those with a nucleus
which contains the genetic material) emerging 2 - 3 billion years ago.
Cells with nuclei, called eukaryotic cells (which make up virtually all multi-cellular organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic c
Cells with nuclei, called eukaryotic
cells (which make up virtually all multi-cellular organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic c
cells (
which make up virtually all multi-cellular
organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic
cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic c
cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic
cellscells.
We hold that those occasions responding to basic pulses or to the lure of a particular past particle form the elementary particles,
which in turn form the atoms,
which in turn form the molecules,
which in turn form the more complex molecules of primitive
organisms,
which in turn form the one -
celled organisms,
which in turn form the multi-
celled organisms,
which, finally, in turn form the more complex
organisms, persons.
The term «primordial soup» refers to the liquid in
which the proteins and most basic enzymes could interact and eventually create the first
cells, and the first living
organisms.
The building block electronic and protonic actual occasions are, in the case of human beings, swept into vastly more complex, Chinese box - like sets of containing societies within
which there are social levels that can be identified with
cells, others
which answer to Aristotle's levels of tissues and organs, and
which finally are presided over by what Whitehead refers to as the regnant nexus, a social thread of complex temporal inheritance
which, Whitehead suggests, wanders from part to part of the brain, is the seat of conscious direction of the
organism as a whole, and answers to what in Plato and Aristotle is called the soul.
(Cf. the phenomenon of the «runners» at first connected with the mother plant and then separated from it; the fluid transition between various plants and animals
which appear to be one; the germ -
cell inside and outside the parent
organism, etc.) Living forms
which present what are apparently very great differences in space and time can ontologically have the same morphological principle, so that enormous differences of external form can derive from the material substratum and chance patterns of circumstance without change of substantial form (caterpillar - chrysalis butterfly).
Some humans romantically yearn for a regression back to social anarchy,
which might be likened — rather fancifully, to be sure — to the
cells of a plant longing for the mobility of single -
celled organisms.
«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in
which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization of humankind could lead to the formation of a new kind of living entity — a social
organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by
which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living
cells, and innumerable
cells constitute an
organism.
Birch and Cobb maintain that the ecological model is more adequate than the mechanical model for explaining DNA, the
cell, other biological subject matter (as well as subatomic physics), because it holds that living things behave as they do only in interaction with other things
which constitute their environment (LL 83) and because «the constituent elements of the structure at each level (of an
organism) operate in patterns of interconnectedness
which are not mechanical» (LL 83).
RS: According to the hypothesis of formative causation, outlined in my book A New Science of Life, systems such as molecules, crystals,
cells, organs and
organisms are organized by specific morphogenetic fields,
which give them their characteristic form and organization.
If, on the other hand, we define evolution in the Darwinian sense — as a process of random mutation and natural selection by
which all living beings have arisen by chance from single -
celled organisms over 100's of millions of years — we may not be on equally firm ground from a scientific perspective.
At the cellular level,
cells are subjects and the multicellular
organism to
which they belong is also a subject.
Under Child's theory there is complete continuity from the reaction of the
cell with its environment,
which constitutes the primary metabolic gradient, and from the later reactions, by
which the pattern of the developing embryo is laid down in accordance with the changing gradient pattern, to the intellectual processes by
which the adult
organism adjusts its relations to the outside world.
It may be thought of as a supermolecule composed principally of C, H, O, N, P and S. Multicellular
organisms, including man, are in turn not mere aggregations of
cells, but so tightly organized that they may be considered super-super-molecules, ultimately with properties
which are wholly those of the component atoms in the very complex combination.
Which then magically & co-incidently got struck by Lightening, & became a Singled -
Cell Organism & then eventually became Dinosaurs.
By definition, nutritional yeast is deactivated yeast derived from a single -
celled organism, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,
which is grown under carefully controlled conditions on sugar cane or beet molasses for several days, harvested, washed, and dried with heat to kill (i.e. «deactivate» it).
These foods contain trillions of healthy microbial
organisms, live enzymes and L - glutamine
which is the major amino acid that is needed to produce healthy intestinal
cells.
According to WebMD, «Inflammation is a process by
which the body's white blood
cells and substances they produce protect us from infection with foreign
organisms, such as bacteria and viruses.»
The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at
which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the
cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an
organism; and ecology examines how various
organisms interrelate.
After billions of years, during
which life consisted almost entirely of single -
celled organisms, animals evolved.
However, lipid compositions vary between
cells and cellular structures within the same
organism, so diet isn't the only factor determining
which lipids are manufactured.
Misfolded proteins often misbehave,
which can muck up the
cell's cleaning system and make the
organism more susceptible to any number of proteinopathies.
The advent of the nucleus —
which differentiates eukaryotes (
organisms whose
cells contain a true nucleus), including humans, from prokaryotes, such as bacteria — can not be satisfactorily explained solely by the gradual adaptation of prokaryotic
cells until they became eukaryotic.
Traditional genetic approaches together with the new wealth of genomic information for both human and model
organisms open up strategies by
which drugs can be profiled for their ability to selectively kill
cells in a molecular context that matches those found in tumors.
The living world thrived long before the origin of nucleated
organisms [the eukaryotic
cells,
which have genetic material enclosed in well - defined membranes].
Infectious
organisms trip specialized immune
cells in the body and cause them to pump out proteins called cytokines,
which produce inflammation and other hallmarks of infection, such as chills and fever.
The scientists have shown that, in all cancers, a sort of «identity crisis» is observed in cancerous
cells: in the organs or tissues in
which a tumor develops, genes specific to other tissues or to other stages of the development of the
organism express themselves in an aberrant manner.
Like others before him, Schrödinger was struck by the fact that chromosomes are accurately duplicated during ordinary
cell division (mitosis, the way in
which an
organism grows) and during the creation of the sex
cells (meiosis).
In a related approach, new translational codes in the genome —
which define how a
cell uses DNA to construct proteins — could make
organisms resistant to all viruses.
The majority of
cells in the human body are blood
cells,
which comprise many different types that are continuously produced during the life of an
organism.
The method,
which detects DNA from skin
cells, hair, and other
cells released into the environment, has already been used to track surface
organisms like invasive fish and snakes.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona and CSIC discover a mechanism through
which the
cells of an
organism interact with their extracellular matrix
It is the first synthetic chromosome ever assembled from a eukaryotic
organism, the type in
which cells store DNA in nuclei.
Amoeba reproduction is an asexual event in
which the
organism doubles its genetic material, creates two nuclei and then sets about dividing into two
cells.
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are among the many
organisms which can sense the Earth's magnetic field through magnetoreceptive
cells.
Increasing evidence is unveiling the relevance of this structure —
which is secreted by the
cells themselves — for the correct function of the
organism and also for the development of various diseases.
Researchers postulated that chlorine,
which exists in water as hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid, reacts with biomolecules in the bacterial
cell to destroy the
organism.
The new work, by James Mitchell at the Harvard School of Public Health and colleagues, suggests that holding back calories causes
cells to produce hydrogen sulfide,
which somehow makes tissues more resilient and prolongs the life of laboratory
organisms.
Despite its many parts, the entire
organism is a single
cell of only about 10 microns in diameter,
which is smaller than most
cells in the human body.
In fact, as with eukaryotic
organisms, division of Caulobacter
cells generates two different daughter
cells,
which can be easily separated.
Though viruses are generally thought to take over whatever
organism they invade, Sullivan's lab has identified a few viruses, called prophages,
which coexist with their host microbes and even produce genes that help the host
cells compete and survive.
This turned out to be a normal protein in the
cells of
organisms throughout the animal kingdom — but in brains infected with scrapie and related diseases it turns up in both a normal, soluble form and an abnormal, insoluble form
which accumulates in deposits that eventually kill the
cells.
Organisms like zebra fish readily dedifferentiate
cells near the injury, undergoing a cellular age regression in
which «they form something like stem
cells, although they are not quite the same as stem
cells,» says Keating.
Most biologists typically recognize three official branches of life: the eukaryotes,
which are
organisms whose
cells have a nucleus; bacteria, the single -
celled organisms that may or may not possess a nucleus; and archaea, an ancient line of microbes without nuclei that may make up as much as a third of all life on Earth (See «Will the Methane Bubble Burst?»
In March the Field Museum opened a controversial new exhibit called the Evolving Planet,
which takes visitors on a 4 - billion - year journey that shows life on Earth developing from single -
celled organisms to dinosaurs and finally to humans.