Sentences with phrase «celled organisms use»

These single - celled organisms use the instructions from the wormwood to produce artemisinic acid, a precursor to the drug.

Not exact matches

All an evolutionary storyteller has to do is to start with the apparently simplest version, ignore the neural equipment that has to be present for an organism to make any use of a «photon receptor,» and spin a charming tale about how a tiny primitive light - sensing cell might grow up to be a full - fledged eye.

Single - celled organisms reproduce by mitosis, whereas multi-cellular organisms reproduce by meiosis, using specialised sex cells, the germ line.

Dennis has a PhD in genetics / developmental biology from the University of British Columbia and a special interest in studying pattern formation and cell - cell communication during tissue development using fruit flies as a model organism.

For such a being is, in its body, a multicellular organism, a metazoan — to use the scientific Greek — and the egg is a single cell.

Alternative protein sources may include the use of by - products currently viewed as waste or the development of new protein sources from plants, lower order animals, or single - cell organisms with a lower environmental impact compared with typical animal - based protein sources.

He also found cells of D. audaxviator, a bacterium that made up 99.9 % of the organisms he recovered from one of the filters used to extract water from rock fractures deep in the mines.

To help make ideas about energy more concrete, for example, the new unit will use a variety of analogies from more familiar physical systems (e.g., combustion and charging a cellphone battery) to help students understand those same energy - releasing and energy - requiring chemical reactions and energy transfer when they occur in living organisms (e.g., cellular respiration, creating a charge across a membrane in mitochondria and nerve cells) where the reactions are more complex and difficult to observe.

The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.

Researchers... have extracted teichoic acid from the bacteria's cell wall and used it to protect groups of mice from subsequent massive doses of virulent staph organisms.

The team induced expression of Yamanaka factors in all cells of the organism using their partial reprogramming approach.

Synthetic biology enables researchers to tackle a huge and diverse range of applied problems: building a cell with the smallest possible genome; synthesizing proteins with extra amino acids — more than the 20 found in nature; using bacteria to produce medicines previously too complex to synthesize; even decomposing living organisms into standard, off - the - shelf «biobricks» that can be assembled on demand.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

«All living organisms, including humans, must continuously transport and redistribute molecules around their cells, using vital carrier proteins,» he said.

In order to survive, early single - celled organisms could have used that signal to direct repair, an evolutionary advance that he thinks survives today.

In a related approach, new translational codes in the genome — which define how a cell uses DNA to construct proteins — could make organisms resistant to all viruses.

Using computational data analysis, Hughes hopes to create evolutionary trees of these genes and regulatory mechanisms in order to figure out how they work together to make cells function and how they contribute to the physiology of the organisms they are found in.

The method, which detects DNA from skin cells, hair, and other cells released into the environment, has already been used to track surface organisms like invasive fish and snakes.

Before now, a lot of this epigenetic research had been done in yeast — single cell organisms that also use enzymes to lay chemical tags on histone proteins.

Collins said that because Hydra is such a simple animal and because it is able to regenerate after complete dissociation into individual cells, it offers researchers the opportunity to use similar techniques as the ones employed in their experiments to examine how an organism develops from an unstructured group of cells into a complex body plan.

The cells of such different organisms as roundworms, flies and humans use the insulin / IGF signalling pathway.

Using machine learning, Chris Wiggins hopes to develop models that can predict how all of an organism's genes behave under any circumstance - and thereby explain precisely why some cells become sick or cancerous

In order to survive, a virus must infiltrate a host organism undetected and transfer its genetic material into the host's cells, where it will use the host to replicate and proliferate.

This unicellular fungus is often used as a model organism, because it works as a mammalian cell, though it is easier to handle.

This process of activating oxygen molecules by adding electrons is ubiquitous — all living organisms use this trick, and modern fuel cells also work in this way.

After removing the solids from incoming wastewater, treatment plants use microbes — tiny single - celled organisms — to decompose organic matter that comes in the sewage.

Microorganisms are often illustrated using single - celled, or unicellular organisms; however, some unicellular protists are visible to the naked eye, and some multicellular species are microscopic.

A network of underwater cameras Rapid image capturing of microscopic organisms, such as single - celled protozoa, are adding to the collection of data that researchers are now using to create a picture of the sea change.

Ohsumi and his colleagues set out to explore whether yeast, a single - celled organism that nevertheless uses many of the same biochemical processes as animal cells, could help answer some of the outstanding questions.

«Whenever we use such a technology to examine an organ or an organism, we find not only familiar cell types, but also unknown and rare ones,» says Dr. Jan Philipp Junker, head of the Quantitative Developmental Biology research group at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC).

Different model organisms like the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are used for their research, aimed at decoding the principles of stem cell control with the aim to also apply them to higher forms of life and eventually humans.

Dr. Lyons and his team used zebrafish to study the formation of myelin sheaths by oligodendrocytes because this laboratory animal is transparent at early stages of its development, which allows investigators to directly observe cells within the organism.

Using CRISPR, single - celled organisms recognize a viral invader and activate proteins that shred its DNA into pieces.

Using the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly as a model organism, the team led by Prof. Dr. Ingrid Lohmann at Heidelberg University's Centre for Organismal Studies was able to show how a special developmental gene from the Hox family influences germline stem cells.

Schaal, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, called for more effective communication and public engagement by scientists in explaining their work, both to policy makers and to the general public, across a range of topics — climate change, evolution, stem cells, and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture.

Here they photographed organisms from deep - water samples and used technology to sequence the genomes of these single - celled organisms.

The sequencing and statistical techniques the team developed can also be used by others studying regulation of stem cells in other tissues, organ systems or organisms, he said.

Generating these cells within an organism brings this technology even closer to practical use in regenerative medicine.

Scientists use it as a model organism for studying cellular signals, disease, and the movement of cells in response to a chemical stimulus (chemotaxis).

Craig Venter and his teams at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California, have shown themselves to be technical wizards by synthesising a genome from code contained on a computer, and using it to start a cell line of the resulting synthetic organism (see «How the synthetic bacterium was made»).

The organisms using it efficiently transport the energy of sunlight from receptors, which gather photons from sunlight, to reaction centers where the energy may be harnessed — a performance easily rivaling the most efficient humanmade solar cells.

«A protein that first made sex possible — and is still used for sexual reproduction in many of Earth's organisms — is identical to the protein used by dengue and Zika viruses to enter human cells,» Snell said.

She explains: «Phosphorus is one of just six chemical elements on which Earth organisms depend, and it is crucial to the compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which cells use to store and transfer energy.

To unscramble the light from cells buried within organisms, the researchers turned to adaptive optics — the same technology used by astronomers to provide clear views of distant celestial objects through Earth's turbulent atmosphere.

A method using acoustic waves in a microfluidic device to rotate single particles, cells or organisms will allow researchers to take three dimensional images with only a cell phone.

Adding some complexity to the seemingly simple life of a single - celled organism, researchers have found that a green alga uses snippets of RNA to control its genes.

«The key breakthrough came from using a fruit fly model of human ALS and FTD that allowed us to screen these 400 candidates for ones that block brain cell death in a living organism,» says Lloyd.

Using nondestructive neutron scattering techniques, scientists are examining how single - celled organisms called cyanobacteria produce oxygen and obtain energy through photosynthesis.

«I work on understanding how cells «eat» using machinery based on vesicular carriers, and all my life I've dreamed of seeing this in a live organism,» Tomas Kirchhausen, Ph.D., a professor of cell biology at Harvard Medical School and one of the paper's authors, said in a statement on Thursday.

An alternative approach, most common for anti-infectives, is to use compounds («phenotypic inhibitors») which have already been shown to be active against the target organism in the living pathogenic cell as chemical leads for improvement by Medicinal Chemistry, towards systemically active Candidate Drugs.