Sentences with phrase «cells are dormant»

In healthy skin, CD49a + and CD49a cells are dormant, but quickly respond with inflammatory and cytotoxic effects when stimulated by IL - 15, a protein secreted from skin cells as a rapid - response defence against microbial attack.

Not exact matches

However, if the cells are random mutations, why are they so adapted for survival and why do dormant cancers awaken?

Such was the comfortable vista which, less than a century ago, began abruptly to change beneath our gaze, something in the fashion of those organic tissues in the living body which, after long remaining harmless and dormant, their cells apparently indistinguishable from those of the surrounding tissue, suddenly burst into dangerous growth.

Female mammals are born with millions of dormant eggs, but only a small fraction ever mature into cells with reproductive potential.

While it has long been gospel that cell membranes contain strong electric fields, researchers have generally assumed that 99.9 percent of a cell's volume was electrically dormant.

«Contrary to what was previously thought, children with LCA and defects in RPE65 or LRAT are not born with dead retinal cells; the cells can simply go dormant, and they can remain dormant for years before they eventually die.

«At first we were surprised by how rapidly NR was able to reactivate dormant mitochondria in muscle, despite being largely consumed by other cell types,» Frederick said.

Such colonies are hard for drugs to penetrate, and they harbor dormant cells called persisters that can quietly weather an antibiotic assault only to come roaring back later.

He suspects that transplanted cells are actually restoring the function of «dormant» photoreceptors.

But that evidence, based on metabolic products and cell counts, is uncertain: It's possible that only a fraction of the bugs are active and the rest dormant.

«Blocking the damage response in normal cells that have been bathed in chemotherapy could be instrumental in keeping errant or dormant cancer cells from starting down the path to proliferation,» he said.

For example, when food gets scarce, B. subtilis must decide between two possible paths: shut down, form a dormant spore — a process called «sporulation» — and wait for better times or split into two cells and gamble that there is enough food for at least one more generation.

In late pregnancy, αvβ3 expression is inactivated, returning stem cells to a dormant state.

We suspect that in precancerous cells many of these normally dormant origins are activated inappropriately,» notes David Shore, professor in the Department of Molecular Biology of the UNIGE.

The time needed for breast cancer metastases (secondary lesions caused by cells that have escaped from the original tumour) to develop varies between patients, and little is known about the mechanisms that govern latency (the dormant state of cells that have already spread through the body).

Specifically, they found that chemotherapy alone leads to two types of dormant cancer cells that are not killed outright and become resistant to additional chemotherapy, but when combined with immunotherapy, a majority of dormant cells also is destroyed.

Some scientists have blamed so - called cancer stem cells, a subset of cancer cells that might be able to remain dormant, evading chemotherapy or radiation treatments, only to form new tumors months or years later.

Then, they treated the dormant cells with a product of the immune system, they found that dormant cells were susceptible to immunotherapy, and that quiescent, but not indolent cancer cells, could not escape from immunotherapy.

But scientists have never known how these plants actually do it — or if the existing plant cells really do come alive again from a dormant state, or if its new growth is separate from the old cells.

These cells are in a dormant state, and, as a result, are insusceptible to the antibiotic treatment.

VLX600 is a mild inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, and we have found that dormant cancer cells have a limited possibility to compensate decreased mitochondrial function by increased glycolysis.

Once treatment is stopped, these dormant cells can become active again and recolonize the body.

«Our study reveals that a stable microvasculature constitutes a dormant niche, whereas a sprouting neovasculature sparks micrometastatic outgrowth,» says cell biologist Mina Bissell, in whose laboratory this work was done.

Given that breast cancer cells traveling through the bloodstream on their way to secondary sites where breast tumors metastasize most often — lung, bone marrow, brain and liver — must first pass through the basement membrane microvasculature, Ghajar and Bissell suspected that the basement membrane could be a major component of the dormant niche in distant organs.

The long - standing mystery behind dormant disseminated breast tumor cells and what activates them after years and even decades of latency may have been solved.

«These were delivered directly to the tumor site to change the molecular signature of the cancer cells, rendering the tumor dormant or eradicating it altogether.

«Dormant disseminated tumors can be ticking time bombs, but now that we know some of the triggers, it may be possible to develop therapies to ensure that disseminated cancer cells remain in a dormant state, or other therapies that eradicate these cells before they form full - blown metastases.Dormant disseminated tumors can be ticking time bombs, but now that we know some of the triggers, it may be possible to develop therapies to ensure that disseminated cancer cells remain in a dormant state, or other therapies that eradicate these cells before they form full - blown metastases.dormant state, or other therapies that eradicate these cells before they form full - blown metastases.»

«Previously, we thought that all of the cells in the corneal endothelium were unable to divide, but we were surprised to find this small population of dormant stem cells capable of proliferating,» said principal investigator Ula Jurkunas, M.D., a corneal and refractive surgeon at Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School.

«These are not dormant cells — they divide once every six or seven weeks as opposed to every other day like the rest of the melanoma cells,» Herlyn explained.

Pretreating the animals with leucine make the reserve stem cells more sensitive to radiation and less able to regenerate tissue following radiation injury, while rapamycin protected the reserve stem cells as they were more likely to remain dormant.

Lengner's group and others had previously shown that these reserve stem cells normally reside in a dormant state and are protected from chemotherapy and radiation.

They lie dormant and can not be eliminated by anti-retroviral therapy, nor by the weakened immune system, so that if treatment is stopped at any time, the virus starts to replicate and infect more cells again, while the immune system can not suppress this rebound of HIV infection.

Professor Spano explained: «Dormant CD4 T cells infected with HIV are not actively producing HIV: they are latently infected.

It was thought, but until now not demonstrated, that inhibitors of immune check - points could, in a similar way, wake up dormant HIV - infected cells and also the immune defences against the virus.»

He added: «Mycobacteria are incredibly resilient and can remain dormant for many years inside cells where they are exposed to significant levels of free radical damage designed to kill foreign «invaders.»

Now the team is investigating why some of the stem cells become dormant while others remain active.

Firstly, the HIV must be woken up from its dormant state in the cells.

But when it misfolds into a prion conformation, Sup35 gets sloppy, and the cell reads beyond the stop codons, translating genetic information that previously had been dormant.

The goal is to understand why some cancer cells more or less lie dormant, while others grow aggressively and why do some cancer cells die from chemotherapy, while others spread unhindered despite treatment.

But even when the viral load is undetectable, dormant HIV can remain in inactive CDT +4 cells.

«There are positive signs that the edited cells do end up in tissues that harbour infected white blood cells carrying dormant viruses, known as reservoirs, which is where they would be most useful.

Called FOXA1, it is typically active early in a cell's life, but dormant later on.

The gene remains completely dormant and harmless in a mouse's cell until it is «armed» by the activation of the key senescence gene, p16INK / 4a, which rarely occurs except in senescent cells.

Title: Awakening dormant haematopoietic stem cells Authors: Trumpp A, Essers M, Wilson A Date: 2010 Publication Details: Nat Rev Immunol.

Title: IFNá activates dormant haematopoietic stem cells in vivo Authors: Essers MA, Offner S, Blanco - Bose WE, Waibler Z, Kalinke U, Duchosal MA, Trumpp A Date: 2009 Publication Details: Nature 458.

Some of our next steps are to determine the biological process that causes cancer cells to express non-mutated, shared antigens, and the means by which dormant metastases escape immune elimination.

Title: Skeletal muscle stem cells adopt a dormant state post mortem and retain regenerative capacity Authors: Latil M, Rocheteau P, Châtre L, Sanulli S, Mémet S, Ricchetti M, Tajbakhsh S, Chrétien F Date: 2012 Publication Details: Nature Communications 2012, 3 (903)

Moreover, these compounds kill so - called MRSA «persister» cells that are drug - resistant dormant cells that are not susceptible to current antibiotic therapies.

One hypothesis is that beta cells in some islets may remain dormant until needed, and thus not age as quickly, Bonner - Weir says.

To eliminate HIV latency, scientists are exploring a «shock and kill» strategy that would use a combination of drugs to wake up the dormant virus, then act with the body's own immune system to eliminate the virus and kill infected cells.