Sentences with phrase «cells by a ratio»

It has been estimated that bacteria outnumber an animal's body cells by a ratio of 10 to 1, with most of those bacteria residing in the large intestine.

Not exact matches

We found that: a) lactation stage must be defined biochemically (such as Na: K ratio), not by day of lactation, b) lactation stage influences RNA quality, quantity, and potential immune cell contamination, c) immediate processing and hard, fast centrifugation yield better quality RNA, and d) additional washing of the milk fat layer is not necessary for the analysis of mature milk samples and does not decrease immune cell contamination in colostrum samples.

That goal is still lower than the conversion ratio achieved by modern cells made from silicon, but organic photovoltaics would be cheaper and could be used in fabrics, plastics and even inks and paints.

The researchers were also able to control the relative composition of different hormonal cell types simply by exposing human pluripotent stem cells to different ratios of two proteins: fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein 2.

To find out the specific metabolic pathways affected by disease or stress, the Tufts scientists looked at three parameters: the ratio of FAD to NADH, the fluorescence «fade» of NADH, and the organization of the mitochondria as revealed by the spatial distribution of NADH within a cell (the energy producing «batteries» of the cell).

In situations where ratios become increasingly complex, or the fractions have larger denominators, the mix of cells might be more easily achieved by stochastic means, without basic units.

The example used by Prof. Sinclair is a proportion of cells that is of the ratio 1:3.

«A single dose of D+Q (D: 5 mg kg − 1 body weight and Q: 50 mg kg − 1 by oral gavage here and in the following studies), a drug ratio that was most effective in senescent MEFs (data not shown), reduced SA - βgal + cells (Fig.

Professor Nagy developed and used centrophenoxine to modify the cell structure of elderly animals by removing lipofuscin build - up and by changing the water and lipid / dry mass ratio to that of younger animals.

Nagy of the University of Debrecen (Hungary)-LSB-...] developed and used centrophenoxine to modify the cell structure of elderly animals by removing lipofuscin build - up and by changing the water and lipid / dry mass ratio to that of younger animals.

The number of TUNEL - positive cells in approximately 250 seminiferous tubules of each mouse was counted, and the apoptotic indices were then determined by calculating the ratio of the total number of TUNEL - positive cells / number of counted seminiferous tubules.

By examining this damage, it was found that the Bax / Bcl2 ratio, a parameter that is indicative of the apoptosis status [21], was increased in the testes of IVC - derived males, suggesting that there were a high number of apoptotic cells in that tissue, and this was confirmed by TUNEL assaBy examining this damage, it was found that the Bax / Bcl2 ratio, a parameter that is indicative of the apoptosis status [21], was increased in the testes of IVC - derived males, suggesting that there were a high number of apoptotic cells in that tissue, and this was confirmed by TUNEL assaby TUNEL assay.

The principle of SHM was applied to evolve mPlum from mRFP1.2 by virally introducing a randomly inserted precursor into the RAMOS cell line, and selecting via a «ratio sorting» method [8].

We found that the normalized TOPFlash / FOPFlash ratio of the luciferase activities increased by 364 % in the miR - 142 transfected HEK293T cells compared to that in the control precursor transfected cells (Figure 3A).

Gardner DK, Lane MW, Lane M. Development of the inner cell mass in mouse blastocysts is stimulated by reducing the embryo: incubation volume ratio.

These ketones are created in the liver in a roughly equal ratio (Note: Technically, acetoacetate is created by the mitochondria of liver cells, and from this beta - hydroxybutyrate is created and acetate is produced as a side product.

Pu - erh Tea, Reishi, and Cistanche help to support a balanced and healthy immune system by keeping the proper ratio of naive T cells and memory T cells.

The therapeutic dotential of dietary precursor modulation by a fish - oil - supplemented diet (n - 3 fatty acids), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5,n - 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6,n - 3) in the therapy of ulcerative colitis has been shown to result in a 35 % to 50 % decrease in neutrophil production of LTB4.28 Significant improvement in symptoms and histologic appearance of the rectal mucosa has been observed in several small series of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis given fish oil at 3 to 4 g daily for 2 to 6 months in uncontrolled studies.29 However, a larger, randomized, double - blind trial comprising 96 patients with ulcerative colitis failed to reveal any benefit in remission maintenance or treatment of relapse on 4.5 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily, despite a significant reduction in LTB4 synthesis by blood peripheral polymorphonuclear cells.30 It should be emphasized, however, that the anti-inflammatory actions of the fish oils, in addition to inhibition of LTB4, include suppression of IL - 1 and platelet activating factor synthesis and scavenging of free oxygen radicals.30 The impact of increased lipid peroxidation after fish oil supplementation should be considered when altering the n - 6: n - 3 fatty acid ratio.31 Antioxidant supplementation may be able to counteract the potentially adverse effects of n - 3 fatty acids.

ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type of white blood cell Baso basophil — type of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppresRatio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppresratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppresRatio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppresratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)

Alta Devices has launched a new gallium - arsenide based solar cell, which it says improves on the power to weight ratio of its previous cell by 160 %.