Sentences with phrase «cells by these molecules»

Chronic oxidative stress — meaning chronic presence over overly reactive oxygen - containing molecules and cumulative damage to our cells by these molecules — is a risk factor for development of most cancer types.

Not exact matches

The theory developed that perhaps lightning struck a pond of water causing several molecules to combine in a random way which by chance resulted in a living cell.

Molecular biology, contrary to the article, does not support evolution by natural chance because evolution can not occur without inheritance, inheritance can not occur without DNA and DNA is so complex it could not have evolved by chance unless we are to assume that molecules just happened to arrange themselves into the DNA molecule at the same times as a nucleus formed to hold the DNA, at the same time as the cell membrane just happened to form around it, at the sametime as all the cell maintaining process in the cytoplasm just happened to come into existence to form a single cell and that all these aspects just happened to come together and work harmoniously.

Scientific reductionism, however, wants to reduce biology to physics and chemistry, to explain the properties of «life», by thorough specification of the particulars (atoms and molecules) that are integrated into cells and organisms.

Biology can be designated as a science logically distinct from physics and chemistry because its heuristic field is constituted by questions directed toward whole organisms (plants and animals), cells and their «achievements» rather than toward atoms and molecules as such.

Thus, at the lowest level, electrons tend to unite and converge in the atom; atoms converge by molecularization, crystallization; molecules unite by polymerization; cells unite by conjugation, reproduction, association; nerve ganglions concentrate and localize to form a brain by what might be called a process of cephalization; the higher animal groups form colonies, hives, herds, societies, etc.; man socializes and forms civilizations as foci of attraction and organization.

First x object was created out of nothing, then combined with other things created out of nothing, then magically an atom, yhen a cell, a molecule, then bacteria, single cell creatures, followed by simple sea creatures with organs, then more advanced creatures, next red blooded mammals, then primates, and finally human.

One may then generalize this intuition and, employing the criterion of «active singularity,» further argue by analogy that whatever is experienced to act as one must also feel as one, whether this be an animal or a cell, a molecule or an atom (1970a, 36, 143f.

The chemical environment of the molecule and the molecule itself are in constant, dynamic interaction, influenced by the magnitude of physical forces and configuration of chemicals within the cell.

«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization of humankind could lead to the formation of a new kind of living entity — a social organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living cells, and innumerable cells constitute an organism.

Mutations are indeed not, so far as we know, selected by any overall purpose favoring evolution; but this is compatible with there being short - run and very naive purposes, desires, or feelings in the atoms and molecules constituting the genes, as well as in every cell and every metazoan with a nervous system.

RS: According to the hypothesis of formative causation, outlined in my book A New Science of Life, systems such as molecules, crystals, cells, organs and organisms are organized by specific morphogenetic fields, which give them their characteristic form and organization.

As one moves up levels of organization — electrons, atoms, molecules, cells, and so on — the properties of each larger whole are given, not merely by the units of which it is composed, but by the new relations among these units.

Waddington's paper in Towards a Theoretical Biology follows on from one by Brian Goodwin («A Statistical Mechanics of Temporal Organization in Cells») in which Goodwin looks at the question of how ordered systems like cells, and still more macro-organisms, supervene on the movements of their constituent molecules, and how one is to close the gap between molecular biology and cell physioCells») in which Goodwin looks at the question of how ordered systems like cells, and still more macro-organisms, supervene on the movements of their constituent molecules, and how one is to close the gap between molecular biology and cell physiocells, and still more macro-organisms, supervene on the movements of their constituent molecules, and how one is to close the gap between molecular biology and cell physiology.

The objects of his study range from a class of molecules that have the basic self - duplicating property of living things, through cells which suggest purely physical systems, through animals which give increasing evidence of having minds, to human beings in whom streams of consciousness seem to involve continual choices of action, at the opposite pole from control by impersonal laws of nature.

Spontaneous self - organization is invoked by biochemists in the evolution of the prebiotic world in which a variety of atoms assembled into organic molecules eventually giving rise to molecules of RNA, DNA and proteins which led to further complex assemblies and eventually to cells.

Lewontin, Rose and Kamin discuss the different levels at which atoms assemble to make molecules, molecules assemble to make cells and so on: «as one moves up a level the properties of each larger whole are given not merely by the units of which it is composed but of the organizing relations between them... these organizing relationships mean that the properties of matter relevant at one level are just inapplicable at other levels» (NG 278).

The good ecologist goes further by taking into account the fact that organisms (including cells and molecules) are not simply at the mercy of the environment they happen to be in.

«It felt like my body stubbornly clung to each and every last fat molecule in my cells as if they were all that stood between my baby and a miserable, slow death by starvation.»

The hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hormone is a remarkable molecule, which is very unusual because it is produced only by the cells that will become the placenta of the developing embryo (trophoblast cells).

These molecules are absorbed by your blood, and when they get close to the breast they are transported into the milk making cells of the breast via diffusion.

The molecule — called VCP — is a component of the infected cell rather than a substance produced by the virus itself.

The new study suggests that MDR1 is responsible for protecting TH17 cells in the gut from bile acids — detergent - like molecules produced by the liver that break down fats.

This type of sensor also glows in the presence of molecules secreted by E. coli, so the material doesn't have to be in direct contact with bacterial cells to flag food contamination.

Imai and Stein also found they could prevent the loss of the neural stem cells missing Nampt by giving the mice NMN, the next molecule in the chain of events leading to NAD.

Researchers found that NAD +, a natural molecule found in living cells, plants and food protects against autoimmune diseases by altering the immune response and turning «destructive» cells into «protective» cells.

The protein expressed by the gene is thought to bind to serotonin receptor molecules and ferry them to the cell surface, positioning them to receive serotonin's signals from neighboring cells.

«Since this is a natural molecule found in all living cells, including our body, we hope that it will be well - tolerated by patients,» said ElKhal.

A viral epitope inserted into the complementarity - determining region 3 (CDR3) loop of the heavy chain of a self immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule was generated from the Ig context and was presented by I - Ed class II molecules to virus - specific, CD4 + T cells.

It is emerging that the chemical structure of RNA molecules is extensively modified by specific enzymes normally present in our cells, which are commonly found to be altered in severe medical syndromes and various types of cancers.

«We have found that the bone marrow production of immune cells is affected by high blood sugar and have identified a possible molecule mediating this effect.

Now 24, he is a first - year graduate student in the department of cellular and structural biology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (UTHSCSA), where he is studying the role of oxidative damage — the wear and tear inflicted upon the cell by toxic molecules called free radicals — in the aging process.

«It binds highly affine and very specific to sugar molecules that sit in the cell wall of the fungi and which are normally recognized as «foreign» by the plant,» explains Professor of Molecular Biology Alga Zuccaro from the University of Cologne.

Fischetti and his colleagues used a phage - encoded molecule to identify a bacterial target enzyme called 2 - epimerase, which is used by Bacillus anthracis to synthesize an essential cell wall structure.

A class of small molecules found in grapes, red wine, olive oil, and other foods extends the life of yeast cells by approximately 70 % and activates genes known to extend life span in laboratory animals.

The experiments included sorting immune cells found at injury sites by molecules on their cellular surfaces, and many hours looking at mouse cells through the microscope.

But it's only because it's on the microscopic level that this structure can overcome the problem of maintenance: the molecules that control the wheel and axle reach it by diffusing through the cell's cytoplasm.

Led by researchers at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center — Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC — James), the retrospective study suggested that a pattern of molecules called microRNA (miRNA) in tumor cells might predict patients» response to radiation therapy.

The drug lowers blood pressure by altering the flow of calcium molecules in and out of cells.

Thus, transport of peptide — MHC II complexes by DCs not only accomplishes transfer from late endocytic compartments to the plasma membrane, but does so in a manner that selectively concentrates TCR ligands and costimulatory molecules for T cell contact.

Targeted cancer treatments are designed to attack molecules produced by mutations, but if the targeted mutation occurs on an evolutionary branch and not the trunk, the treatment will fail as other branches dominate and treatment resistant cells spread.

«That upheld our hypothesis, which was that biochar could interfere with cell signaling, most likely by binding with the fatty - acid molecules that the speakers were using to broadcast their message.»

Now research in rodents suggests that gut microbes may alter the inventory of microRNAs — molecules that help keep cells in working order by managing protein production — in brain regions involved in controlling anxiety.

A panel of small molecules that inhibit Zika virus infection, including one that stands out as a potent inhibitor of Zika viral entry into relevant human cell types, was discovered by researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

Loss of LKB1 by regulatory T cells was also associated with increased levels of signaling molecules or cytokines associated with the Th2 immune response, Kai said.

Because of their importance in cells, fatty acids» functions and metabolism, or breakdown have been widely studied by biologists, but the standard techniques makes it difficult to visualize precisely where these molecules are located within the cells.

Designing molecules that selectively target thiols produced by cancer cells that cause drug resistance is the focus of many years» work by Dimmock, Das and their collaborators.

Therefore, having less MHC I molecules may allow cancer cells to hide better and escape detection by the immune system.

Varghese and her team showed that they could control the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional osteoblasts — bone - building cells — simply by adding the molecule adenosine to their growth medium.

The BPEC cell developed by the researchers is based on the naturally occurring process of photosynthesis in plants, in which light drives electrons that produce storable chemical energetic molecules, that are the fuels of all cells in the animal and plant worlds.