Sentences with phrase «cells control different»

Not exact matches

Now we're talking about groups that are dedicated to one criminal activity, and not a criminal corporation that was controlling different criminal businesses with different cells throughout Mexico.

Alongside this big science, researchers have built libraries of standard DNA code that controls different things inside cells.

In his second semester, he started doing research in three different labs, including that of Carolyn Decker, a molecular biologist who was investigating how the cell controls gene expression through the destruction of messenger RNA.

The protein is now known to interact with and control dozens of different genes and proteins, and it helps regulate the cycle of molecular events by which cells grow and reproduce.

However, for patients with lymphoma, it may be a rather different story, as new research from the University of Copenhagen shows that toxins in the staphylococcus bacteria help cancer cells gain control over healthy cells.

Seven to eight weeks after the tumor was established, each mouse received one intravenous injection of GD2 CAR - T cells or, as a control treatment, an injection of CAR - T cells that react to a different target.

The cells we have studied control the blink reflex, but there are many cells of the same type that control entirely different processes.

Migueles has found that for those who control the virus their CD8 T cells of are both quantitatively and qualitatively different from those who follow the typical course of disease progression.

It is controlled, in part, by a series of channels on the surface of heart cells that regulate the movement of different ions into and out of the cells.

The enzyme was tested in three different cell lineages: leukemia cells incapable of producing asparagine at normal levels (MOLT4); another line of leukemia cells, in this case capable of producing asparagine at normal levels (REH); and non-malignant cells, used as a control (HUVECs).

By tweaking different fly genes and counting how many neuron types were produced as the flies matured, the team identified a network of five genes that work together like coordinated control switches to guide the precursor cells» transformation to mature neurons.

When Murphy compared the genes turned off and on in oocytes and body cells of the same worm, however, she saw that two completely different sets of genes controlled oocyte and body - cell aging in C. elegans.

The newly unmasked genes play a role in three distinctively different bodily functions, including systems that control inflammation and cholesterol and the regulation of how brain cells clean up toxic proteins.

Directly or indirectly, Holick points out, «the active form of vitamin D controls up to 200 different genes,» including ones responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation, and death.

They also have varying effects if they act on different receptors — proteins in cell membranes that bind neurotransmitters and control cell responses.

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

By programming cells to produce different types of curli fibers under certain conditions, the researchers were able to control the biofilms» properties and create gold nanowires, conducting biofilms, and films studded with quantum dots, or tiny crystals that exhibit quantum mechanical properties.

Implants like these could also control prosthetic limbs more precisely because they relay signals from carefully chosen neurons, rather than having software calculate a signal from recordings of many different cells.

Microglia are present throughout the brain and spinal cord, are constantly monitoring their environment, and can be switched on or activated to perform different functions such as control inflammation, destroy pathogens, clean up the debris from dead or damaged cells, and seal off the site of an injury.

It plays an important role in how cells sense their neighbors and, by controlling gene expression, determines which cells should develop into different types and how much they should grow - like a master controller.»

«ILCs and T cells appear very different, but in the end, the way they control key responses is amazingly similar,» said Han - Yu Shih, Ph.D., a post-doctoral fellow at NIAMS and first author of the paper.

The specific pattern of epigenetic marks in a cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our cells different, for example a skin cell from a liver cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.

Different model organisms like the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are used for their research, aimed at decoding the principles of stem cell control with the aim to also apply them to higher forms of life and eventually humans.

By functionally linking the signal transduction of melanopsin to the control circuit of the nuclear factor of activated T cells, we have designed a synthetic signaling cascade enabling light - inducible transgene expression in different cell lines grown in culture or bioreactors or implanted into mice.

To better understand this process, the researchers created an experimental system in which they induced, in a controlled fashion, breaks in the DNA of different chromosomes in living cells.

Named after the BMP signal protein, this pathway controls the evolution of various cell types depending on the protein concentration, similar to the Wnt pathway, but in a different direction.

Instead, the genetic identity of each subtype of cells — what makes those that control the quadriceps muscle different from those that control the calf muscle for instance — is also important.

The researchers were also able to control the relative composition of different hormonal cell types simply by exposing human pluripotent stem cells to different ratios of two proteins: fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein 2.

They hypothesized that a different type of CD8 T cells — one that acts more like a stem cell — could help control the infection long term.

[The intracellular domain's function of] transcribing a gene into a protein that then performs some function within the cell generally takes about two hours, but we were seeing leakage within 30 minutes of blocking Notch1, further suggesting that whatever process controls the permeability of the barrier is operating via a completely different mechanism,» says Bill Polacheck, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow at the Wyss Institute and co-first author of the paper.

There were hints that a chaperone called heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104) was different: Cell biologist Susan Lindquist of the University of Chicago and her colleagues had shown that yeast lacking Hsp104 couldn't dissolve protein clumps as well as normal controls — suggesting that Hsp104 was needed to untangle gnarled proteins.

Researchers at the Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases (I - Stem — Inserm / AFM / UEVE), in collaboration with CNRS and Paris Descartes University, have recently developed a new approach to better control the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, and thus produce different populations of motor neurons from these cells in only 14 days.

To determine whether ZFN - mediated disruption of cxcr4 indeed protects CD4 + T cells from an in vitro HIV challenge, human CD4 + T cells from three different ccr5 wild type donors were stimulated and transduced with AdX4 - ZFNs or an AdR5 - ZFNs control.

Cells have two different programs to safeguard them from getting out of control and developing cancer.

Myriad control switches help to arbitrate how genes get expressed in different cells and tissues, and those switches are often triggered by maternal diet, toxic exposures and many other environmental factors.

It turns out that zinc is vitally important for enabling cells to control the activity levels of different genes in our DNA.

We are unraveling the mechanisms of this modulation in different solid and hematological malignancies and investigating ways to potentiate iNKT cell control of the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy.

Remember that a gene is a set of instructions, spelled using the chemical «letters» A, C, G and T. Each gene has a different sequence of letters, and cells use zinc - containing proteins to help control individual genes based on their specific sequence of letters.

«But there are many different genes that could be involved: some control the virus's ability to enter immune cells, others control how the virus tricks cells into expressing its genes.

These are special types of proteins that control the process by which blood - forming stem cells differentiate into different types of blood cells.

Understanding the circuitry that controls these decisions is central to learning how different kinds of stem cells develop.

Transcription factors are expressed (or made) at different levels in different cell types, and control what genes are expressed in every cell, making sure, for example, that a liver cell remains a liver cell and does not become a neuron.

«The second aim of the study was to see whether pancreatic insulin and enzyme secretions are controlled by different types of vagal motoneurons — the cells of the nervous system that control motor functions of the pancreas through the vagus nerve.»

We are currently studying how cell size controls SAC strength, and whether different tissues have different SAC activities.

This analysis indicated that the transcriptomes of single - and double - knockdown cells were similar to each other but different from that of the control cells, supporting the quality and validity of the RNAseq analysis.

While he does not favor the current moratorium, Ding said, he believes scientists in this field must move slowly because «we don't know how to precisely control where and how [cells] might contribute» to different organs.

In addition, his lab has used cutting - edge molecular tools to dissect how the different cell types in the downstream brain regions work together with dopamine for control of actions.

The Clinical Core of the Cleveland Alcohol Center can provide CAC investigators to access to de-identified biological samples (tissue biopsy, plasma / serum, urine, DNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with different stages of alcoholic liver disease, as well as healthy control subjects.

This study seeks to identify all the genes throughout fruit development, different tissue types, DNA that regulates those genes, hormones and their control, and the structural polymers that make up cells walls and contribute to fruit texture, and the ability to resist drying out.

To do this, she will compare different memory immune cells from gut biopsies of HIV - positive patients with those from healthy controls.