Sentences with phrase «cells control gene»

More broadly, this landmark discovery has illuminated an unexplored avenue in scientists» understanding of how cells control gene expression, and will indubitably incite a fresh wave of innovation in this ever growing field.

Molecular recognition is fundamental to transcriptional regulation, the primary mechanism by which cells control gene expression.

The finding could reveal much about how cells control gene activity, and also illuminate cancer, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases spurred by faulty gene expression.

In his second semester, he started doing research in three different labs, including that of Carolyn Decker, a molecular biologist who was investigating how the cell controls gene expression through the destruction of messenger RNA.

Not exact matches

First, an adult cell would be removed from a patient and the DNA of that cell altered to control and direct the types of gene expression the nucleus is capable of supporting.

But it is not actually the crucial question, which is, What controls the activity of the complex interacting set of genes, which produces a nerve cell or a muscle cell?

What all these have in common is that, without any central control, individual units (genes, cells neurons or workers) respond to simple, local information, in ways that allow the whole system (cells, brains, organisms or colonies) to function: the appropriate number of units performs each activity at the appropriate time.

Cells have more than one trick up their sleeve for controlling certain genes that regulate fetal growth and development.

The shared patterns of gene expression in the limbs and phallus are generated in part by a common set of noncoding DNA, also called «elements» or «enhancers,» which act to control gene expression in both of these structures, argues a study published October 1 in Developmental Cell.

Baylin says certain genes that control cell growth get turned down periodically during certain stages of life, including embryogenesis, when organisms are growing and developing rapidly.

RNA molecules can attach to particular DNA sequences to help control how much protein these particular genes produce within a given time, and within a given cell.

The scientists also discovered that the stem cells released tiny packets of microRNA, bits of genetic material that control how genes function.

The brainlike structures created from cells taken from autistic children showed increased activity in genes that control brain - cell growth and development.

«The key point here is that we can say something about how the gene acts to influence this behavior — that is, is by functioning as a chemical messenger in cells that control this behavior in the brain.

The boosted genes had three main beneficial effects: improving the efficiency of mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells; boosting insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the depletion of telomeres, caps on chromosomes that help to keep DNA stable and so prevent cells wearing out and ageing.

As might be expected of an autoimmune disease, where the immune system turns on healthy tissue, all the genes play a role in controlling the growth and multiplication of cells in the immune system.

They discovered a population of NKT cells that have a gene that controls so - called regulatory T - cells, whose role is to suppress the immune response.

DNA methylation is a mechanism cells use to control gene expression at the epigenetic level.

The boosted genes had three main effects: improving cellular energy efficiency; upping insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the breakdown of caps on chromosomes that help prevent cells wearing out and ageing.

Several pint - size projects are in development, including gene chips, protein arrays, stem cell controls and electronic circuits.

Next, Anderson and his colleagues used a set of genetic tools to identify exactly which neurons were responsible for the effect on aggression and to see if the gene that encodes for Tk also controls aggressive behavior by acting in that cell.

The most common mutations, occurring in five of the women, occurred in genes including ARID1A, PIK3CA, KRAS and PPP2R1A, all known for controlling cell growth, cell invasion and DNA damage repair.

The researchers then examined a number of DNA variants in the protein production - control region of the bellwether gene in cell cultures.

After demonstrating the existence of several genes that control indefinite cell division, she, a grad student named Yi Ning, and their colleagues found a candidate for one of those genes on chromosome 4.

There is evidence to suggest the gene originally controlled stem cells or immune response, and was only later co-opted to defend animals against rogue cells when they became large and long - lived.

The gene makes a protein that controls the quantities of other proteins a cell produces, and studies in roundworms suggest that the gene is involved in growth and development throughout life.

Lee's team used a retrovirus to transfer the fluorescent gene to dog fibroblast cells, but they could not control where the virus inserted the gene.

HEALTHY muscle cells exposed to fat can become like cells taken from people with diabetes, with the genes that control fat - burning permanently switched off.

Running their computer algorithm, the biologists found that 5300 genes contained complementary sequences to an miRNA — suggesting that the miRNA could control that gene's expression, they report in the 14 January Cell.

The findings by a team of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators, which will be published in the April 24 issue of Cell and are receiving advance online release, support the importance of epigenetics — processes controlling whether or not genes are expressed — in cancer pathology and identify molecular circuits that may be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.

The protein is now known to interact with and control dozens of different genes and proteins, and it helps regulate the cycle of molecular events by which cells grow and reproduce.

Although the regulation of this gene has a strong «cell cycle control» component, I was more interested in studying cell cycle regulation «proper.»

She also sought out genes that controlled the switch for maturation of T helper cells, maintaining just the right balance of T helpers — between Th1 cells that suppress allergic responses and Th2 cells that trigger them.

By tweaking different fly genes and counting how many neuron types were produced as the flies matured, the team identified a network of five genes that work together like coordinated control switches to guide the precursor cells» transformation to mature neurons.

The researchers demonstrated that blocking the PGD enzyme genetically or with a pharmacologic inhibitor reversed the epigenetic reprogramming and malignant gene expression changes detected in distant metastases, and also strongly inhibited their tumor - forming capacity, with no effect on normal cells or peritoneal pancreatic cancer controls.

When Murphy compared the genes turned off and on in oocytes and body cells of the same worm, however, she saw that two completely different sets of genes controlled oocyte and body - cell aging in C. elegans.

This is the idea of inserting a gene into cells and that gene is light controlled, so that you can use light to manipulate the cell.

They found numerous genes activated in the XYL regulon - controlled yeast that upregulated pathways involved in growth, such as cell wall maintenance, cell division, mitochondrial biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.

Surprisingly, the cancer - promoting program that RB - loss unleashed was distinct from the cell - cycle control genes that RB is best known for controlling.

Although the researchers don't know precisely how the chaperone molecule works, the difference was unmistakable: Less than 40 % of cells treated with gene therapy had clumps, compared to 70 % of controls.

The newly unmasked genes play a role in three distinctively different bodily functions, including systems that control inflammation and cholesterol and the regulation of how brain cells clean up toxic proteins.

Directly or indirectly, Holick points out, «the active form of vitamin D controls up to 200 different genes,» including ones responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation, and death.

The invasion of epithelial cells and immune cells are controlled by two separate gene clusters called Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2 (SPI1, SPI2) respectively.

By providing a woman's family history of these cancers, including the ages they were diagnosed, the programs calculate a probability that the patient carries a harmful mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (genes involved in controlling malignant cell growth).

New remote - control technology may offer biologists a powerful way to do this with cells and genes.

This bundling of DNA acts as a switchboard for controlling genes» activity and directs a cell's complex molecular machinery.

Even after the cells were taken out of microgravity for up to 30 generations before being combined with the control strain, they maintained 72 per cent of their adaptive advantage, pointing to permanent mutations in the genes rather than merely a temporary adjustment.

Other techniques exist for remotely controlling the activity of cells or the expression of genes in living animals.

«Radiogenetics» seeks to remotely control cells, genes.»

The control mice, with all genes intact, should have lost sight as photo - receptors — the light - sensitive cells in the retina — died.