Sentences with phrase «cells during disease»

Lynne E. Maquat has received the 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award in Science from the International RNA Society for her research on what happens in cells during disease, making seminal contributions to the understanding of RNA's role in sickness and in health.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand what happens to the cells during disease and how can they be repaired,» said researcher Yan Hu, PhD.

Not exact matches

Sickle cell disease, obesity, fibroids, and other health conditions that black women are more likely to experience during pregn...

(Some experts point out that a sick baby who receives his or her own stem cells during a transplant could very well just develop the disease all over again.)

Interestingly, those who suffer from narcolepsy, a disease in which people are excessively tired and may spontaneously fall asleep during the day, also lack orexin due to a breakdown in the brain cells that produce it.

«We found that a particular vaginal bacterium, Gardnerella vaginalis, did not cause infection during exposure to the urinary tract, but it damaged the cells on the surface of the bladder and caused E. coli from a previous UTI to start multiplying, leading to another bout of disease,» said the study's senior author, Amanda Lewis, PhD, an assistant professor of molecular microbiology and of obstetrics and gynecology at Washington University.

Now, a UCLA study has traced the Pavlovian response to a small cluster of brain cells — the same neurons that go awry during Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Tourette's syndrome.

A study has traced the Pavlovian response to a small cluster of brain cells — the same neurons that go awry during Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Tourette's syndrome.

This new insight into how chromosomes are disassembled and reassembled during cell division will allow researchers to begin answering basic questions about epigenetic inheritance, as well as human disease such as chromosome disorders and cancer.

The scientists» findings have wide implications in the effort to understand how organs are sculpted into their shapes and how cells respond to their native mechanical environment both in healthy tissues and during disease.

«Only by understanding the complexities of what happens in specific cell - types found in specific areas of the brain during this disease can targeted treatments for Parkinson's disease be produced.»

This study showed that mtDNA levels are higher in the surviving cholinergic neurons of the brainstem, but with both cell - types that undergo profound degeneration during Parkinson's disease.

During the active disease stage of JIA, these cells expand, grow in number, re-circulate through inflamed areas of patients» body, and migrate to the connective tissue of patients» joints.

«The implications are that understanding these cells, the factors and the pathways may offer us the ability to modulate this pathway during inflammatory bowel disease, which could lead to treatment and promote healing and recovery from inflammatory bowel disease,» Denning said.

«The suggestion here is that IL - 27 normally limits the severity of disease during these viral infections in part by influencing the quality of T - cell responses,» Muallem said.

In the future, our technique could help people understand the details of a disease by providing snapshots of proteins synthesized in specific cells at different times during development and allowing comparisons of healthy and diseased cells.

McCain would ban scientists from using donor eggs to create disease - specific stem cell lines or chimeric animals to see how human stem cells behave during development.

The study goal was to determine if these different trajectories were associated with blood concentrations of eosinophils and neutrophils, two types of immune cells that play a role in many respiratory diseases and are routinely measured during medical evaluations.

Thus, in utero nutritional exposures during critical windows of germ cell development can impact the male germline methylome, associated with metabolic disease in offspring.

One found that a chemical compound caused valve fibroblasts to become active, similar to what is observed during valve disease, but the other study indicated that the same compound prevented the cells from calcifying, indicating that a key piece of the valve disease puzzle was missing.

«This is such a prevalent virus... about 25 percent of stem cell transplant patients get infected [with rhinovirus] during the first year,» said Boeckh, who heads Fred Hutch's Infectious Disease Sciences Program.

In order to locate all gene switches, the Freiburg research team used modern sequencing methods to examine the entire genome — DNA, epigenetic markers and RNA — during the development, maturation and disease of human cardiac muscle cells.

A certain cytokine, or small protein that helps cells communicate during immune responses, can control whether immune cells promote or suppress inflammatory bowel disease, a finding that could lead to new treatments, according to a study led by Georgia State University.

Over a period of several months, Hina required as many blood transfusions as she had during a lifetime of sickle - cell disease.

«To better understand what happens when cells are overwhelmed with fat during obesity, we first have to understand how the system normally deals with fluctuations in lipids,» said Tobias Walther, professor of genetics and complex diseases at Harvard Chan and co-senior author of the study.

However, when mature blood cells are lost, for example through severe bleeding or during infections, HSCs become activated to generate new «progenitor» cells — the cells that replenish the blood supply and produce immune cells to fight disease.

He would spend his Saturday mornings in the lab conducting microbiology experiments and got exposed to the science of DNA during a summer internship at the university's Center for Sickle Cell Disease.

As the messenger of genetic information, RNA plays an important regulatory role in cell and tissue development as well as during disease progression.

The probe also has no apparent toxicity in most mammalian cells, so it can be used to monitor in vivo MAO - B activities during various stages of the disease.

The new findings and the fact that patients with sickle cell disease have significant variability in their nitric oxide levels — even during a pain crisis — likely explains why, Ikuta said.

Our investigations also open a new route for understanding how different physiological states of the body influence stem cells in the brain during health and disease, and opens new ways for thinking about therapy,» says Fiona Doetsch.

Through studies conducted in mice, Oliver M. Steinmetz, MD (University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, in Germany) and his colleagues have shown that the messenger protein IL - 6, which is rapidly produced at high levels during an acute inflammatory form of kidney disease, potently dampens activation of tissue - destructive immune cells called macrophages.

The force of that blood flow helps keep the cells that line the blood vessels, called endothelial cells, healthy; when blood flow is disrupted, such as during surgical procedures or a stroke, the vessels start to leak, which can cause a host of inflammatory responses that lead to cell damage and disease.

«These strategies would focus on promoting myelination in the peripheral nervous system for neuropathic disease or inhibiting Schwann cell over-proliferation that occurs during formation of peripheral nerve sheath tumors like neurofibromas.»

While that might seem to implicate the mother cells in the disease, Nelson and her colleagues learned otherwise when they looked at the pancreases, removed during autopsy, of four individuals, including one diabetic.

They assessed gene activity at time points known to correspond with key phases of disease: the «induction phase,» the time before the peak level of photoreceptor cell death; the «execution phase,» when the highest rates of photoreceptor cell death occur; and the «chronic phase,» during which photoreceptor cell death continues at somewhat reduced levels.

The solution was targeted to each animal's striatum, a brain region involved in motor control; it is the dopamine - producing nerve cells in this area that die during Parkinson's disease.

Perhaps of greater importance than a putative interindividual transmission, the prion phenomenon may have a key role in spreading the pathology from cell to cell or from islet to islet during the progression of the disease.

In order to locate all gene switches, the Freiburg research team used modern sequencing methods to examine the entire genome - DNA, epigenetic markers and RNA - during the development, maturation and disease of human cardiac muscle cells.

The new method, published today in the journal Nature Biotechnology, has implications for better understanding how different groups of cells change during disease progression, in response to drug treatment, or across evolution.

Human embryonic stem cells derived from affected embryos during a pre-implantation diagnostic (PGD), as well as the conversion of somatic cells, such as skin fibroblasts, into induced pluripotent stem cells by genetic manipulation, offer the unique opportunity to have access to a large spectrum of disease - specific cell models.

Dr. Saptarsi Haldar's research focuses on how cells in the cardiovascular system control gene expression and how these gene control mechanisms go awry during disease.

With our unique robotic microscope technology, can we identify the major determinants of cell fate during normal development of stem cells and in neurodegenerative disease?

«For example, despite matching the ABO blood group antigens during red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, up to 45 percent of chronically transfused patients, such as those with sickle cell disease or thalassemia, develop antibodies to mismatched minor antigens on transfused RBCs; this process is known as alloimmunization.»

LifeTime proposes to go far beyond providing static tissue maps and to track, understand and predict how the molecular make - up of cells changes during human diseases and ultimately intervene.

CXCR4 - using viruses in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells during primary HIV - 1 infection and impact on disease progression.

While it is generally accepted that MSC are mostly quiescent during postnatal life, MSCs in different niches can presumably differentiate into the specific cells of closely related niches during physiological turnover, injury or disease, as shown for other stem cell types (e.g., muscle satellite cells).

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«During the next 10 years,» says Svendsen, «we're going to see a trend away from using animals for disease modeling and using human cells with iPS technology instead.»

«To date, CAR T - cell trials have thus far shown the highest rate of complete and minimal residual disease remission rates of any other agent,» explained Bijal Shah, MD, of Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, during the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Annual Conference, held March 22 — 24 in Orlando, Florida.