Sentences with phrase «cells during the development»

Experiments in animal cells have shown that although these genes are required to form pluripotent stem cells during development, they are not powerful enough on their own to overcome the epigenetic programming of a mature cell and convert it to a pluripotent stem cell directly.

In the study, Stephen Maricich and colleagues identified a subpopulation of Atoh1 - expressing cells in hair and whisker follicles within mouse skin that exclusively give rise to Merkel cells during development and adulthood.

The study has important implications for human health, and is particularly useful for understanding the changes that occur in cells during the development of the tumors that underlie cancers.

«This is precisely the kind of damage we would expect to see from something that was destroying neural and retinal stem cells during development,» said Arnold Kriegstein, MD, PhD, who directs the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF.

His lab is studying stem cells during development, homeostasis and tumor development.

They went on to show that Sox10, a factor needed for the formation of skin pigment cells from neural crest stem cells during development, was present at high levels in naevi and melanoma samples obtained from both the mouse model and human patients.

For example, assaying the genomes of multiple cells during development reveals developmental lineage trees - the kinship lineage - whereas cellular transcriptomes inform us about the regulatory state of cells and their gradual restriction in potency - the Waddington lineage.

The Ephrussi group dissects the mechanisms underlying intracellular RNA transport and localised translation — fundamental processes mediating the functional polarisation of cells during development and in the nervous system.

Not exact matches

The epigenetic programming established during development is normally quite stable (skin cells do not spontaneously turn into brain cells during adult life), but it is not irreversible.

During normal development, epigenetic programming restricts both the genes a cell can use and the cell's developmental potency.

As specialized cells are generated during embryonic development, they are programmed to use only a limited amount of the total genetic information present in the nucleus to produce the proteins required for their particular function.

Embryonic stem cells are produced during development by the same process of epigenetic programming that later will produce adult cells such as skin and brain.

Dennis has a PhD in genetics / developmental biology from the University of British Columbia and a special interest in studying pattern formation and cell - cell communication during tissue development using fruit flies as a model organism.

The second question has in fact two facets: (a) how does it arise in the development of the individual organism during the process of growth from the moment of fertilization of the egg; and (b) how does the egg itself come to get that way — that is to say, how can we conceive of evolution as having «designed» the cell?

But researchers at UC Irvine recently revealed how DHA deficiency during pregnancy limits baby brain development — without enough DHA, brain cells aren't able to grow and form connections.

Exposure to radiation from cell phones during pregnancy affects the brain development of offspring, potentially leading to hyperactivity, one mouse study suggests.

Iron rich foods are extremely important during this time of your pregnancy since your baby needs the extra iron to make red blood cells along with many other developments.

It is produced by dedicated cells and is thought to have some protective roles during fetal development and for a few hours after birth.

Scientists have uncovered that cells from moms end up in their baby's brain during development, and vice versa during pregnancy.

And a new analysis of the STEP trial, published last November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development work) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually make the immune system more vulnerable to infection by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

Because of this limitation, researchers have theorized that inherited methylation, also referred to as parental imprinting, largely remains stable throughout development, except during two important developmental milestones: after fertilization and during the creation of sperm and egg cells.

Lin's team previously found that ATF6 is naturally «on» during stem cell development.

15 For organs to form during embryonic development, some cells must commit suicide.

The scientists rescued the microcephaly during mouse embryonic development by removing a protein that caused the loss of stem cells.

The enzyme at the center of this study, ADAR1, is normally expressed during fetal development to help blood cells form.

«During the development of specialized tissues from stem cells, enzymes belonging to the Tet family also oxidize the thymidine base, as we have now shown with the aid of highly sensitive analytical methods based on mass spectrometry.

He and his colleagues discovered many of the key molecules and signaling systems that guide nerve cells to make connections during development of the nervous system.

During one - third of the year, the students will learn about the cutting - edge developments in the life sciences with the greatest entrepreneurial potential — from bioinformatics to neuroscience, epidemiology, drug discovery, and stem cell research.

In experiments on zebrafish, Freiburg researchers have demonstrated that the same proteins that lead to the formation of metastases in humans also cause the cells to migrate during embryonic development.

But exposure to the chemicals blocked cell division, which could lead to neurological disabilities in babies if their cells are exposed at particular times during fetal development.

Knowing how these cells mature during development might lead to a better grasp of just how to replicate that process in the adult brain, which could eventually pave the way to strategies that rejuvenate aging circuits, Donato said.

During normal brain development in the first weeks of life, precursor cells in the SVZ in the piglets give birth to neurons that migrate primarily to the prefrontal cortex, the team reports today in Science Translational Medicine.

The case presented in the latest paper, published in the journal Stem Cell Reports, suggests that uneven growth of identical twins could start during the early stages of preimplantation development.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

Scientists have focused for decades on the role of biochemical cues in embryonic development, Campàs said, because no techniques existed to measure the mechanical cues that cells are exposed to during the formation of tissues and organs.

During embryonic development, undifferentiated stem cells accumulate methyl groups and other epigenetic marks that funnel them into one of the three germ layers, each of which gives rise to a different set of adult tissues.

This suggests that random errors occurring during DNA replication in normal stem cells are a major contributing factor in cancer development.

During embryonic development of mice, however, the situation is different: To build up the system, all mature blood and immune cells develop much more rapidly and almost completely from stem cells.

The search for answers might shed light on how cells» fates become fixed during development, and how plants manage to retain such flexibility.

«We also think this method could be applied towards the development of culture conditions during differentiation of human stem cells.

It turns out that the hormonelike chemicals in plastic may remodel our cells and tissue during key stages of development, both in the womb and in early childhood.

In the future, our technique could help people understand the details of a disease by providing snapshots of proteins synthesized in specific cells at different times during development and allowing comparisons of healthy and diseased cells.

In a similar way to how they work in other cells, epigenetic markers push PGCs to their fate during embryonic development, but PGCs are unique because when they develop into sperm and eggs, the epigenetic markers are erased.

McCain would ban scientists from using donor eggs to create disease - specific stem cell lines or chimeric animals to see how human stem cells behave during development.

The extra bone that appears in FOP flare - ups progresses through a cartilage stage before replacement with mature bone cells, following a sequence of bone formation seen during normal skeletal development.

However, occasionally germ cells can get trapped in the wrong part of the body during development and may later turn into brain tumours, for example.

All stem cells are immature cells known for their ability to multiply indefinitely and give rise to progenitor cells that mature into specific cell types that populate the body's tissues during embryonic development.

It also allows «lineage tracing,» showing when during brain development the mutations arise and how they spread through brain tissue as the mutated cells grow, replicate and migrate, carrying the mutation with them.

Working with an animal model, the researchers found that a type of cell present in the brain's primary processing area during early development, long thought to form structural scaffolding with no role in transmitting sensory information, may conduct such signals after all.

Thus, in utero nutritional exposures during critical windows of germ cell development can impact the male germline methylome, associated with metabolic disease in offspring.