Sentences with phrase «cells during their growth»

Not exact matches

The second question has in fact two facets: (a) how does it arise in the development of the individual organism during the process of growth from the moment of fertilization of the egg; and (b) how does the egg itself come to get that way — that is to say, how can we conceive of evolution as having «designed» the cell?

It occurs when something goes wrong during the fertilisation process, and is caused by an abnormal cell growth of all or part of the placenta.

It remains an important nutrient for optimal cell division and growth, making the reasons to take it during pregnancy all the more obvious.

Beef is a good source of protein needed for the growth of tissues, cells, and organs in the body of the embryo and relevant for the healing and reparation of damaged tissues during childbirth.

This shows through in studies too, but for those of you who have really low supply, research shows you can also look into progesterone supplementation as an alternative during your pregnancy to help stimulate the growth of the milk developing cells.

There is concern that THC may also alter brain cells during the time when a baby is experiencing significant brain growth.

In addition to helping supply oxygen to all tissues, these nutrients participate in cell division and protein synthesis, making them especially important during this time of rapid fetal growth.

Ordinarily, bone is built up by cells called osteoblasts and reabsorbed during growth and healing by cells called osteoclasts.

«When a new substance forms during a chemical reaction, many students think that the atoms and molecules have actually changed into something new, whereas they simply rearranged, that the mass increase of plants is due to minerals in the soil, or that cell division alone accounts for animal growth,» said Cari Herrmann Abell, a senior research associate at Project 2061.

Baylin says certain genes that control cell growth get turned down periodically during certain stages of life, including embryogenesis, when organisms are growing and developing rapidly.

The case presented in the latest paper, published in the journal Stem Cell Reports, suggests that uneven growth of identical twins could start during the early stages of preimplantation development.

During lab testing, the compound «markedly inhibited» the growth of three human pancreatic cancer cell lines five days after treatment and induced the death of pancreatic cancer cells.

«Despite the low infection levels of mouse cells with oHSV, we were able to cause a delay in tumor growth in one of the cancer models and even cure many of the mice in a second model,» said first author Jennifer Leddon, who conducted much of the laboratory work during a research experience in the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases.

Of these, connective tissue growth factor a (ctgfa) was expressed in glial cells during a key period of healing, as the cells were actively building bridges across damaged tissue.

The Leuven - based VIB researchers have revealed a mechanism that explains why the anti-tumor activity of specific immune cells called macrophages is suppressed during tumor growth.

Cyclin D is synthesized during the first stage of cell replication and is believed to help drive the complex, multi-stage process, including interaction with the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, whose function is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide.

Preliminary results suggest the growth factor strengthens the connections between nerve cell synapses during consolidation, says Alberini.

«Even when they had defective mitochondria, the cells with the retrograde response and AMPK simultaneously activated during growth were able to live as long as cells with normal mitochondrial function.»

Dolmetsch exposes these stem cells to a variety of different growth factors that mimic those that induce stem cells to become neurons during normal development.

She notes that stem cells normally divide and reproduce in a very regulated way, «but these signals get hijacked during cancer formation and may promote cancer growth.»

More importantly, the fibronectin part of the complex is expressed during a cell's transition to cancer and plays a role in cell growth, migration and differentiation.

Apart from advancing our understanding of how plants regulate their growth and shape, this research presents new questions for stem cell researchers in regards to cell size checkpoints and their importance during organism development.

Although cells normally multiply during growth and development, the misshapen nucleus can not divide properly, ultimately damaging cells and accelerating the aging process.

Wnt signals play a key role in directing stem cells during embryonic development, which led Geiger and colleagues to hypothesize that it might be helping to control stem cell growth and pluripotency in the gut later in life.

Stem cells are specialized undifferentiated cells that can divide and have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth.

In order to learn more about this process, Alexander Skupin and his team treated blood stem cells from mice with growth hormones and then watched closely how these progenitor cells behaved during their differentiation into white or red blood cells.

Yet, more recent discoveries suggest a much more active role of endothelial cells during tumor growth than has been anticipated so far.

One of the key metabolic alterations that takes place during EMT is that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is a pathway that regulates growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation in mammalian cells.

During the creation of new blood vessels, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein differentiates stem cells into vascular endothelial cells and stimulates them to create new blood vessels.

* Cellular senescence describes a type of arrested growth during which the cells no longer divide.

«During cell growth, parts of the 3D microscaffold could be removed again to study how the cells react to the changed environment,» Martin Wegener explains.

The researchers found the Hairless protein within the PK cells, but only during the pauses between spurts of hair growth.

The DNA vital to the life of a cell is packaged in chromosomes, and a variety of checkpoints, repair mechanisms, and other cellular safeguards exist to maintain the integrity of the chromosomes during cell growth and division.

Similar to cells growing at 33 °C, endothelial cells plated in the 37 °C environment also engaged in cell division during the first 24 h. However, during the next 72 h, the growth of most endothelial cells in 37 °C conditions dropped to 50 % of that of their counterparts growing at 33 °C (data not shown).

Using human fat - derived stem cells from young (aged 24 - 36 years), middle - aged (aged 48 - 55 years) and elderly (aged 60 - 81) participants, the team used ECIS to collect complex measurements during the growth and differentiation stages the hASC exhibited as they converted to bone cells.

«We found that IL - 34 is an essential growth factor for the differentiation of Langerhans cells and microglia during embryonic development,» says senior author Marco Colonna, MD, professor of medicine and of pathology and immunology.

During Mr. West's tenure, the company grew over 10 times in revenue, with much of the growth leveraging advances in cell biology.

In addition to p53, there are other transcriptional activatory mechanisms that are not well understood for the most part and which operate in response to mitogenic stimulation (11, 12), transforming growth factor - β (13, 14, 15), and aberrant oncogenic signals (16, 17) or during a number of cell differentiation processes (18, 19).

Pericytes and adventitial reticular cells (ARCs) are perivascular cells, found in many tissues, which are recruited to blood - vessel walls from the surrounding tissue during organ development and growth.

This relationship is perhaps most striking during the first stages of embryogenesis, when cells change in size and shape several fold in the absence of growth.

She is a pioneer in tissue engineering / microfabrication and smooth muscle development and seeks to understand the biomechanical and dynamic molecular mechanisms that influence tissue remodeling during development, wound repair and abnormal cell growth.

The emergent spatial structure of cell lineages during biofilm growth is important to numerous other facets of microbial ecology, especially for the evolutionary trajectories of social phenotypes [16].

Intracellular pH homeostasis during cell - cycle progression and growth state transition in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Moreover; when they were weaned off GSI during the study, there was an increase in cell growth [54].

These elusive, as yet undiscovered genes tend to be expressed at low levels or only in certain cell types, or turned on only during specific developmental stages or growth conditions.

Figure summarizing the three major steps of axon development in the CNS: axon specification during neuronal polarization, axon growth and guidance, axon branching and presynaptic development (Modified from Lewis, Courchet and Polleux, The Journal of Cell Biology, 2013).

These findings suggest that cancer cells subvert key genetic programs that guide immature cells to build organs during normal growth.

«I originally trained as a developmental biologist, then, during my postdoc in stem cell biology, I became interested in research showing that the growth of brain tumours might be driven by cells similar to neural stem cells.

A b - Glucuronosyltransferase from Arabidopsis Thaliana Involved in Biosynthesis of Type II Arabinogalactan Has a Role in Cell Elongation During Seedling Growth, Eva Knoch, Adiphol Dilokpimon, Theodora Tryfona, Christian P. Poulsen, Guangyan Xiong, Jesper Harholt, Bent L. Petersen, Peter Ulvskov, Masood Z. Hadi, Toshihisa Kotake, Yoichi Tsumaraya, Markus Pauly, Paul Dupree, Naomi Geshi, The Plant Journal, 76: 1016 - 1029.

These factors include chemokine (C - X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12), a chemokine produced by bone marrow mesenchymal cells that functions as a chemoattractant and survival factor for cells bearing the chemokine (C - X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), and insulin - like growth factor 1 (IGF - 1), a factor that is stored in the bone matrix and released during osteolysis (28).