Sentences with phrase «cells express genes»

A famous example of how transcription factor expression can be used to alter a cell's identity is the creation of iPSCs, where adult cells were forced to express transcription factors normally expressed in ESCs, which made the adult cells express genes specific to ESCs, and consequently become nearly identical to ESCs.

Additionally, the enhanced hiPS - HEP cells express genes involved in the urea cycle within the same range as hphep cells, and the cells secrete albumin and urea.

But the new data reveals that oRGs bring a support group with them: The cells express genes for surface markers and molecular signals that enhance their own ability to proliferate, the researchers found.

In the new study, the researchers discovered that during the second trimester of human brain development, oRG cells express genes related to a fundamental signaling pathway called mTOR, defects in which have previously been implicated in autism and several other psychiatric disorders.

Living cells express genes involved in physiological functions like development and metabolism via complex mechanisms.

Multi-nucleus cells expressing genes needed to form skeletal muscle can be seen in flower - like clumps forming as cells fuse together.

AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY CELL: An African green monkey kidney cell expressing the gene c - src, imaged using Bessel beam plane illumination.

The researchers saw that in early stages, two days after the mice were born, developing rod cells expressed genes normally seen in mature short - wavelength cones (which are used in other animals to detect ultraviolet light).

But a team of Swiss scientists has engineered cells that come pretty close: Only when they are bathed in blue light do the cells express a gene that has been inserted into them.

Not exact matches

Indeed, because eggs are large cells that are relatively easy to manipulate, they are one of the favored cell types used by biologists to express foreign genes and to test gene function.

This approach revealed a highly sensitive portrait of the genes being expressed in human milk - making cells.

«A German athletic coach was found attempting to obtain Repoxygen, a gene transfer vector that expresses the erythropoietin gene [and boosts red blood cell production].

The scientists discovered that the two sides of the cell differ in the composition of messenger RNA, or mRNA: About 30 percent of the genes expressed in the intestines produced mRNAs that appeared either on one side of the cell or on the other.

The protein expressed by the gene is thought to bind to serotonin receptor molecules and ferry them to the cell surface, positioning them to receive serotonin's signals from neighboring cells.

Although the gene is only temporarily expressed, this is enough to make proteins that repair the cells for life, he says.

«In addition, changes in how the genes are expressed (turned on or off) could be used in the future to predict how and when the cancer cells will spread to other parts of the body and how fast they will grow.»

«We think that these genes, which are normally only expressed in the placenta to facilitate invasion, are becoming reactivated in cancer cells and supporting invasion in this context too,» she says.

The hair cells also expressed a green protein, showing they had taken up the gene.

The scientists also generated a panel of (reconstructed) ancestral and existing TRIM5 genes (19 total), expressed them in cultured cell lines, and exposed the cells to 16 different retroviruses (lentiviruses and others) to see which TRIM5 versions conferred resistance to which viruses.

«The fact that a [cell] culture expresses most genes present in the brain says nothing about its appropriateness as a disease model,» says Knoblich.

A team led by Byeong - Chun Lee of Seoul National University in South Korea created the dogs by cloning fibroblast cells that express a red fluorescent gene produced by sea anemones.

Another is to change the number of expressed copies of a gene in each cell.

«What we decided to do was take a completely unbiased approach where instead of targeting individual genes of interest, we would express randomized guides inside of the cell,» Lu says.

Since genes for the T - cell receptor beta chain were previously shown to be on mouse chromosome 6, all three of the Ig - like multigene families expressed and rearranged in T cells are located on different chromosomes, just as are the B - cell multigene families for the Ig heavy chain, and the Ig kappa and lambda light chains.

The findings by a team of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators, which will be published in the April 24 issue of Cell and are receiving advance online release, support the importance of epigenetics — processes controlling whether or not genes are expressed — in cancer pathology and identify molecular circuits that may be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.

Monitoring mRNA could tell scientists a great deal about which genes are being expressed in a cell, and tweaking the translation of mRNA would allow them to alter gene expression without having to modify the cell's DNA.

To acquire and maintain its characteristic features, each cell type must express a unique subset of genes.

Then they linked the drug sensitivity of the tumor cells to the profile of genes expressed in those cells.

«With Rudolph,» Farber says, «the coral DNA got inserted into a gene that is normally expressed in the nasal epithelial cells, the cells of his nose.

Three days later the mice glowed under a specialized camera, confirming that not only had the bacteria entered the mouse's cells, the cell nuclei had incorporated the bacteria's cargo and expressed the gene.

«Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that multiple myeloma cells express bone - related genes in a Runx2 - dependent fashion that mimics bone marrow resident cells and likely contributes to tumor survival and growth in the bone microenvironment,» Yang and colleagues wrote in the paper.

To test that idea in the ragworm, Tomer used a technique he had developed to examine the complex brains of small creatures with unprecedented clarity: He created a high - resolution map of the worm's brain cells according to the genes they express, not just their shape and location.

The team found that brown fat cells express the ERRγ gene all the time (not just in response to cold) and that white fat cells do not express the gene at all.

Actively regenerating tissues expressing a gene have mRNAs with shorter tails, while mature cells expressing that same gene have mRNAs with longer tails,» says Vairavan Lakshmanan, who is one of the lead authors of the paper that details these findings.

The scientists have shown that, in all cancers, a sort of «identity crisis» is observed in cancerous cells: in the organs or tissues in which a tumor develops, genes specific to other tissues or to other stages of the development of the organism express themselves in an aberrant manner.

By tallying the various RNA molecules in a cell, researchers can tell which genes are active — or «expressed» — and to what degree.

But if the father's copy is missing, the cells can't express that gene at all.

Now, for the first time, scientists from Harvard Medical School have managed to «listen in» on the crosstalk between individual microbes and the entire cast of immune cells and genes expressed in the gut.

Now, two UCLA researchers have come up with a computational tool that increases the reliability of measuring how strongly genes are expressed in an individual cell, even when the cell is barely reading certain genes.

Bacteria expressing enzyme in one cell (bright green), while genetically identical cells do not, remaining protected from antibiotic onslaught; image courtesy of Yuichi Wakamoto / Neeraj Dhar / John McKinney Some strains of nasty bacterial infections, such as MRSA (methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus), come loaded with resistance to antibiotics built right into their genes.

«Animal cells have to «remember» that they must express genes in specific ways.»

Among all the genes that control endocytosis, the authors of the study focused specifically on one, called RAB7; this gene is highly expressed in melanoma cells.

In 1994, scientists first realized that putting the EGFP gene into cells made them glow green, making it possible to easily visualize them: ever since, scientists have generated thousands of living systems with EGFP, including EGFP - expressing viruses and EGFP - expressing cancer cells.

The team also found that ERAS, a tumorigenic gene expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells and iPSCs, was mutated and dysfunctional in the mole - rat iPSCs.

When they deleted YY1 from male and female cells and compared genes that were differentially expressed on the X chromosome, they found 68 that were specific to females, one that was specific to males and 11 that were shared.

As cells differentiate, their DNA becomes more tightly packed, and genes that are no longer needed — or those which should not be expressed — are blocked.

The gene for vasa is expressed in cells at every stage of development, Tilly says.

Researchers from the Eaton - Peabody Laboratories of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School have created a new mouse model in which by expressing a gene in the inner ear hair cells — the sensory cells that detect sound and sense balance — protects the mice from age - related hearing loss (ARHL) and noise - induced hearing loss (NIHL), the two most common forms of deafness.

To better understand how HMGA1 affected the rodents» intestines, Resar and Lingling Xian, M.D., Ph.D., research associate at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and their colleagues examined the transgenic animals» intestinal cells to determine which ones were expressing this gene.

They then used next generation sequencing — a state - of - the - art method to rapidly measure gene expression — to sequence and quantify the thousands of genes that are expressed in hair cells, in comparison with other cells in the ear.