NEW ROLE A kind of brain cell called an astrocyte (shown) may help nerve
cells in the hippocampus form traumatic memories, a study in rats suggests.
Not exact matches
Neural stem
cells with the ability to
form new neurons
in the brain are normally present
in the
hippocampus (the part of the brain connected to learning and memory) and
in the subventricular zone of the brain.
Thus both
in the cerebellum and
hippocampus (previous image), insulin receptors are highly expressed
in cells that
form synapses onto MHCI - expressing neurons, which suggests MHCI and insulin receptors could interact, either directly or indirectly,
in the living brain.
Given that lot of those brain
cells seemed to
form down
in the area of the
hippocampus, which is involved with the memory and with learning, it was an easy jump to naturally assume that they must be involved with that
in some way.
Buried deep underneath the folds of the cerebral cortex, neural stem
cells in the
hippocampus continue to generate new neurons, inciting a struggle between new and old as the new attempts to gain a foothold
in memory -
forming center of the brain.
The CBM now
forms the core of the new Kavli Institute at Trondheim, which was inaugurated
in August 2007 and where research continues on grid
cells, as well as areas such as understanding the role of the
hippocampus in shaping memory.
The researchers studied the
hippocampus, taking a closer look at the newly
formed brain
cells and the state of blood vessels
in the region of the brain that plays an important role
in emotions, spatial navigation, and memory.
As part of the study the team first used a
form of optogenetics to establish that if gamma oscillations are increased, they will energize microglial
cells in areas such as the
hippocampus.
The deletions specifically affected neural stem
cells and the new neurons that they
form in the
hippocampus.
One of Frankland's own studies
in mice, for example, found that as new brain
cells are
formed in the
hippocampus — a region of the brain associated with learning new things — those new connections overwrite old memories and make them harder to access.
Studies show that nitric oxide signaling and the blood flow increases it stimulates play a central role
in nerve
cell maintenance, growth and repair.,, Most pertinent to anyone looking to enhance their aptitude for learning, nitric oxide - induced blood flow also makes
forming new memories physically possible as it plays a key role
in what neurologists call long - term potentiation, a process required for assembling and reinforcing new synaptic connections throughout the entire cerebral cortex, striatum, and
hippocampus.