Sentences with phrase «cells in the initiation»

Subsequent work by the Rockefeller group demonstrated the fundamental importance of dendritic cells in the initiation and regulation of the body's response to foreign antigens — work that posthumously brought Steinman the 2011 Nobel Prize.

Not exact matches

The study, «Polarity of varicosity initiation in central neuron mechanosensation,» which will be published June 12 in The Journal of Cell Biology, observes the swelling process in live cultured neurons and could lead to new ways of limiting the symptoms associated with concussive brain injuries.

One of his professors, Dag Jenssen, persuaded Helleday to join his lab in the Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Toxicology at Stockholm University to investigate the importance of recombination in somatic cells, tumor cells, and cancer initiation.

The time is ripe for exploration of the factors that govern the initiation and rate of DNA synthesis in the intact cell and animal.

The film depicts several sperm attempting to fertilize the egg, «zooms in» on one sperm's tail to show how the dynein proteins move in sync to cause the tail to bend and flex, and ends with the sperm's successful journey into the egg and the initiation of cell division that will ultimately create a new organism.

They call this form of activation «non-ligand-dependent,» and in a complex series of biochemical and animal experiments, traced the pathway through which FER's binding to MET inside the cell sets off a cascade of cell - signaling events, all directly connected in prior research with cancer initiation, including RAC1 / PAK1 and SHP2 - ERK.

Any deviation in these processes could lead to cells that do not have the proper number of chromosomes, which could accelerate tumor initiation and progression.

But in stressful conditions, cells must prevent the initiation of replication and instead shift their priorities to protective functions.

Researchers at Texas Woman's University have shown that a diterpene geranylgeraniol found in linseed oil, Cedrela toona wood oil, sucupira branca fruit oil and more recently, annatto seed oil, suppressed the viability of human DU145 prostate carcinoma cells via cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and the initiation of apoptosis.

«Endothelial cells play a very important role in multiple steps of many diseases, from initiation to the onset of clinical complications,» says Aikawa, who was not part of the research team.

Since most genes are turned off in cells, it is understandable why they are typically devoid of the initiation machinery.»

The results suggest the simultaneous activation of certain molecular pathways — actions among molecules in a cell that can lead to change — in particular the MAPK and PI3K cellular pathways, triggered tumor initiation and produced increasingly dense low - grade gliomas that quickly progressed to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

During this time, fraternal order membership was fast on the rise in the U.S., and initiation pranks using dry cells and magneto batteries became a popular feature in certain lodges.

While the observed differences of the individual steps were mostly modest, mathematical modeling suggested that even small delays in the trafficking of these immune cells will lead to reduced initiation of a WNV - specific antibody - response during the early stages after infection.

Both assays (for translation enhancement and internal ribosomal initiation) were validated under cell - free conditions and in human cells, using a vaccinia virus vector.

The finding was a surprise because the protein is part of a larger assembly of proteins called eIF3 - eukaryotic initiation factor 3 — that has been known and studied for nearly 50 years, and no one suspected it's undercover role in the cell, Cate said.

Using a CRISPR - dCas9 epigenetic editing tool, the researchers methylated different genes in healthy breast cells and found that those changes were sufficient to cause the cells to undergo «hyperproliferation» — abnormally rapid cell division which is an early stage of tumour initiation.

Researchers at the Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB uncover a new mechanism that regulates tumour initiation and invasion in skin basal cell carcinoma.

The Sheffield team led by Dr Kurt De Vos and Dr Andy Grierson investigated the role of the C9orf72 protein in nerve cells and found it regulates the initiation of a vital process called «autophagy», which helps the cell to dispose of damaged proteins and cell parts, and recycles cell nutrients.

We are focusing on a few key molecular pathways including; 1) Polycomb - mediated epigenetic gene silencing in the tumor initiation, maintenance, and invasion, 2) c - Met (receptor tyrosine kinase) signal transduction pathways in stemness and migration of these tumor cells, 3) Novel mitogenic signaling pathways that are specific to GSCs, and 4) Identification of radio - and chemo - sensitizing pathway to maximize therapeutic efficacy.

«We wanted to understand how a long - term high - fat diet influences the biology of stem cells, and how such diet - induced changes that occur in stem cells impact tumor initiation in the intestine,» Yilmaz says.

Preliminary data we have now obtained further indicate that in somite cells, the activation of the NOTCH pathway triggers a «signalling module» that couples the initiation of myogenesis with the epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) that allows them to migrate into the growing muscle.

Visualize intracellular lipid gradients in living cells and elucidate the molecular mechanisms required for their initiation and maintenance

Here, we provide evidence that mTOR signaling phosphoproteins, including mTOR, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E — binding protein - 1, p70S6K, and ribosomal protein S6, are highly phosphorylated in ALK + ALCL cell lines and tumors.

He employs mouse models to facilitate in - vivo lineage tracing from candidate stem cell populations and to assess their contribution to cancer initiation and progression.

But if, as this study suggests, the way that cells become proliferative again is similar across many different organs, we can imagine therapies that interfere with cancer initiation in a more global way, regardless of where that cancer may appear in the body,» he explains.

«The results suggest that such «master» regulatory factors could activate regions of the genome that are normally inactive, leading to the formation of organs during development, or the initiation of pathological changes in cells that lead to diseases such as cancer,» Taipale said.

Stem cells in the adult zebrafish cerebellum: initiation and maintenance of a novel stem cell niche.

We have recently identified which cells are uniquely responsible for the metastasis formation in OSCC, and they exhibit the following characteristics: i) they are exclusive in their ability to generate metastases; ii) they express the fatty acid translocase CD36, and express a unique lipid metabolic signature; iii) they directly link metastasis predisposition to dietary fat content; iv) they increase their metastatic initiation potency when treated with palmitic acid; v) they are highly sensitive to CD36 inhibition, which almost completely abolishes their metastatic potential in preclinical models (Pascual et al., Nature 2016).

However, because mature cells in the stomach, pancreas, liver, and kidney all activate the same genes and go through the same process when they begin to divide again, the findings could mean that cancer initiation is much more similar across organs than scientists have thought.

In APC - deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß - catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5).

Because of their ability to differentiate into various effector T subsets, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs, CD4 + T cells are particularly important in the initiation of GVHD in mice and have been considered potential targets for the treatment and prevention of GVHD in the clinic.

This triggers a domino effect in the cell's defense system, resulting in the initiation of pyroptosis.

These efforts have resulted in the discovery of previously unknown human T cell epitopes that may be key in the initiation of allergic responses, and to the development of biochemical and bioinformatic tools that have been used to map the human T cell response to a large panel of common allergens.

«Our results show that macrophages and monocytes actively participate in the initiation and progression of multiple sclerosis, which has long been considered a primarily T cell driven disease,» says the study's senior author Catherine Hedrick, Ph. D., a professor in the Division of Inflammation Biology.

(A) Eph receptor - ephrin binding at cell - cell contact sites results in the dimerization / clustering of Eph receptor - ephrin complexes, and initiation of canonical signals through the receptor cytoplasmic domain.

The addition of RA is also shown to stimulate the meiotic initiation of germ cells in vitro in mice [60].

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

VASA was detected earlier in cells cultured in testicular cell - conditioned medium than in those cultured in non-conditioned medium or in ovarian cell - conditioned medium, suggesting that the initiation of germ cell differentiation in testicular cell - conditioned medium was faster than that in ovarian cell - conditioned medium.

In particular, we are interested in the contributions of the innate immune system, including the resident macrophage in the liver (Kupffer cells) and the complement pathway, in the initiation and progression of ethanol - induced liver injurIn particular, we are interested in the contributions of the innate immune system, including the resident macrophage in the liver (Kupffer cells) and the complement pathway, in the initiation and progression of ethanol - induced liver injurin the contributions of the innate immune system, including the resident macrophage in the liver (Kupffer cells) and the complement pathway, in the initiation and progression of ethanol - induced liver injurin the liver (Kupffer cells) and the complement pathway, in the initiation and progression of ethanol - induced liver injurin the initiation and progression of ethanol - induced liver injury.

TGFβ inhibits tumor initiation and progression by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; however epithelial tumorigenesis may escape this common antitumor mechanism by inducing aberrations in TGFβ signaling resulting in enhanced development and progression of human carcinomas.

IL - 6 has been shown to be involved in diverse physiological processes such as T - cell activation, induction of immunoglobulin secretion, initiation of hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, and stimulation of hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation.

However, this approach requires prior in - depth understanding of the mechanisms by which lymphoid cells undergo neoplastic initiation and progression.

It is important to distinguish lineage specific gene expression shown here, which occurs at a high level and with a degree of specificity in the different population compartments, to the low level of genome wide transcription observed in ES cells by others [22], or with transcript initiation at many loci noted previously in ES cells [23].

Further studies showed that Notch1 knockdown in NSCLC helps induce cell death (which inhibits tumor initiation and growth); this process is mediated by p53, and thus the effects of inhibiting Notch1 require functional p53.

The time from initiation to division is given by the individual cells growth rate, which is variable and is the major cause of the variation in cell sizes.

Together, we provide evidence that senescence and a stem cell - associated SASP drive cell transformation and tumour initiation in vivo in an age - dependent fashion.

In studies on animals and on isolated cell types, the above expectations seem to be fully met, with flavonoid intake improving detoxification, oxidative stress, unwanted inflammation, and initiation of cells into pre-cancerous states.

This results in cancer cells secreting large amounts of the fermentation product lactic acid into their extracellular microenvironment, lowering the extracellular pH to 6 - 6.5, contributing to acidosis, initiation of angiogenesis and providing a metabolic fuel for cancer cells, which also induces immunosuppression.

More recently, a common variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism lying 1.2 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site of MAOA has been shown to affect transcriptional activity of the gene in transfected cells.