Sentences with phrase «cells of living animals»

Not exact matches

While Beyond Meat is making its products out of plants, Memphis Meats grows meat in tanks by feeding oxygen, sugar, and other nutrients to living animal cells.

We do this by growing healthy marine - animal cells on their own, instead of live fish.

What guides the process in all living things is DNA, which regulates every cell of every plant and animal.

To the contrary, it is more fantastic than we can imagine — hundreds of billions (trillions) of galaxies with hundreds of billions (trillions) of stars, nearly all of which have planets, some right for life; planets so hot that they rain glass; stars made of diamonds; the lineage of animals from singled celled organisms to the incredible variety that exists today with their unique adaptations.

«In its 4.6 billion years circling the sun, the Earth has harbored an increasing diversity of life forms: for the last 3.6 billion years, simple cells (prokaryotes); for the last 3.4 billion years, cyanobacteria performing ph - otosynthesis; for the last 2 billion years, complex cells (eukaryotes); for the last 1 billion years, multicellular life; for the last 600 million years, simple animals; for the last 550 million years, bilaterians, animals with a front and a back; for the last 500 million years, fish and proto - amphibians; for the last 475 million years, land plants; for the last 400 million years, insects and seeds; for the last 360 million years, amphibians; for the last 300 million years, reptiles; for the last 200 million years, mammals; for the last 150 million years, birds; for the last 130 million years, flowers; for the last 60 million years, the primates, for the last 20 million years, the family H - ominidae (great apes); for the last 2.5 million years, the genus H - omo (human predecessors); for the last 200,000 years, anatomically modern humans.»

Thus, the transition from instinct to reason results in the radical transformation of the animal into man; matter as it evolves toward the cell becomes radically transformed into living matter; and vegetative life becomes qualitatively changed into conscious life.

A thin layer of living cells spread out in two dimensions over the globe could accomplish little; but concentrated in three - dimensional forms, cells constitute the vast and varied world of plant and animal life.

The heuristic field is narrowed down; and a return is then seldom made to the question of what life is as we spontaneously recognize it in the achievements of animals and cells.

Evidence of the fact that union differentiates is to be seen all round us — in the bodies of all higher forms of life, in which the cells become almost infinitely complicated according to the variety of tasks they have to perform; in animal associations, where the individual «polymerises» itself, one might say, according to the function it is called upon to fulfil; in human societies, where the growth of specialization becomes ever more intense; and in the field of personal relationships, where friends and lovers can only discover all that is in their minds and hearts by communicating them to one another.

This depends upon there being a brain, an arrangement of cells in a particular part of the body which by reason of its peculiar coordination makes the given routing able to «know» in a distinctively human manner — quite different from, although certainly continuous with, the sort of «knowing» that is possible for the higher grades of animal life.

(1) human life (2) animal life (3) vegetable life (4) single living cells (5) large scale inorganic aggregates of occasions (6) energy - events disclosed by modern physics

(Cf. the phenomenon of the «runners» at first connected with the mother plant and then separated from it; the fluid transition between various plants and animals which appear to be one; the germ - cell inside and outside the parent organism, etc.) Living forms which present what are apparently very great differences in space and time can ontologically have the same morphological principle, so that enormous differences of external form can derive from the material substratum and chance patterns of circumstance without change of substantial form (caterpillar - chrysalis butterfly).

Heretofore, this earth has witnessed the emergence of single - celled living organisms, the growth of multicelled plant organisms, the advent of animals with centralized nervous systems making self - directed activity possible, and the flowering of humanity with its far - flung culture.

This spontaneity may be minimal for protons and electrons, but in the course of the evolutionary advance, sustained until now, it has manifested itself in ever richer forms as the vitality of living cells, the conscious activity of the higher animals, and the self - conscious freedom of man.

Then he contends that the living occasions of a cell «in abstraction from the inorganic occasions of the animal body» do not «form a corpuscular sub-society, so that each living occasion is a member of an enduring entity with its personal order» (PR 158).

The objects of his study range from a class of molecules that have the basic self - duplicating property of living things, through cells which suggest purely physical systems, through animals which give increasing evidence of having minds, to human beings in whom streams of consciousness seem to involve continual choices of action, at the opposite pole from control by impersonal laws of nature.

Higher animals all seem to contain at least one such society, called a «living person,» present in the body in addition to the cells and molecules of the central nervous system, even though dependent upon them.

Gradually organic chemicals were synthesized and eventually self - replicating complex molecules evolved, enabling the evolution of living cells, leading to multi - cellular organisms, plants and animals.

Living right on an oxygen source, with each cell of kelp exhaling oxygen ready for the animal's respiratory needs, is also a bonus.

This ancient theory, recounted by Pliny the Elder, is one of the many bizarre early attempts to explain one of life's greatest mysteries — how a nearly uniform egg cell develops into an animal with dozens of types of cells, each in its proper place.

«These predictive algorithms seem to do a good job when CRISPR is performed in cells or tissues in a dish, but whole genome sequencing has not been employed to look for all off - target effects in living animals,» says co-author Alexander Bassuk, MD, PhD, professor of pediatrics at the University of Iowa.

After billions of years, during which life consisted almost entirely of single - celled organisms, animals evolved.

A class of small molecules found in grapes, red wine, olive oil, and other foods extends the life of yeast cells by approximately 70 % and activates genes known to extend life span in laboratory animals.

In a 1967 paper published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology, Margulis suggested that mitochondria and plastids — vital structures within animal and plant cells — evolved from bacteria hundreds of million of years ago, after bacterial cells started to collect in interactive communities and live symbiotically with one another.

To find clues, she has trained her sights on choanoflagellates — a group of single - celled eukaryotes thought to be the closest living relatives of animals.

This year those breakthroughs include tools for reprogramming living cells and rendering lab animals transparent; ways of powering electronics with sound waves and saliva; smartphone screens that correct for the flaws in your vision; Lego - like atomic structures that could produce major advances in superconductivity research; and others.

One would culture thin sheets of meat, seeded by cells from a living animal, on a reusable polymer scaffold; the other would grow meat on small edible beads that stretch with changes in temperature.

This unique organization of tubulin is preserved among all living plant and animal cells, because it is essential for way in which microtubules assemble, Al - Bassam said.

«Why is the division of egg cells — which is so important at the start of animal life — why is that not very reliable?»

Last spring the team reported that their fibers induced the formation of new blood vessels in both cell cultures and living animals.

Direct recordings from the neurons of live mice showed the same pattern: Animals that had gone through a stressful procedure had more bursting cells in the lateral habenula.

Other techniques exist for remotely controlling the activity of cells or the expression of genes in living animals.

Biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and computer scientists have begun cooperating on a sophisticated «systems biology» aimed at understanding how the countless molecular interactions at the heart of life fit together in the workings of cells, organs, and whole animals.

To the surprise of scientists, bacteria can act as an aphrodisiac for one - celled marine organisms notable for being the closest living relative of all animals.

To better determine the role of specific chemoattractants in type III hypersensitivity, lead author Yoshishige Miyabe, MD, PhD, a research fellow in Luster's lab, used multiphoton intravital microscopy — an imaging technology pioneered for studies of immune cell movements in living animals by CIID investigator and co-author Thorsten Mempel, MD, PhD — to follow in real time the development of IC - induced arthritis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.

Using a novel approach for imaging the movement of immune cells in living animals, researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID) have identified what appear to be the initial steps leading to joint inflammation in a model of inflammatory arthritis.

Complex phenomena — which we have so far only been able to study in live animals - can now be investigated in simple laboratory experiments using cultivated cells,» says postdoc Hans Christian Cederberg Helms from the Department of Pharmacy.

It took hundreds of millions of years on Earth for life to evolve from single - celled animals up to multicellular animals to intelligent beings.

«This landmark study draws the conclusion in pre-clinical animal studies that stem cell therapy for disc degenerative disease might be a potentially effective treatment for the very common condition that affects people's quality of life and productivity,» said the senior author, Wenchun Qu, MD, PhD, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn..

Using a nuclear protein expressed in follicle stem cells (FSCs), the researchers found that castor, which plays an important role in specifying which types of brain cells are produced during embryonic development, also helps maintain FSCs throughout the life of the animal.

The team hopes to apply this method to the nerve cells, bone marrow, and brain tissue of living animals and humans.

Billions of microbial cells live in the guts of humans and other animals.

Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have, for the first time, visualized the origins of cancer from the first affected cell and watched its spread in a live animal.

The use of cell surface markers to isolate specific cell populations is one common method for separating cells; however, isolating live cells based on their RNA expression is a powerful new way enabling the study of small cell niches in nongenetically modified animal models and human tissue.

The human kidney cell involved survived the experience, and though we are a long way from the laser eyes of Cyclops from the X-Men franchise, the achievement suggests that «living lasers» might be created inside live animals.

The first animals evolved from their single - celled ancestors around 800 million years ago, but new evidence suggests that this leap to multi-celled organisms in the tree of life may not have been quite as dramatic as scientists once assumed.

Some of the colors of both species come from symbiotic algae that live inside the coral animal's cells.

The authors of this study combined live cell imaging with electron microscopy to observe Trichoplax feeding behavior at scales ranging from the whole animal to subcellular.

«This may be the primordial gene that regulates nutrient sensing and helps an animal overcome stressful conditions — and helps an animal live a long time through dietary - restriction conditions,» says the study's senior author, Andrew Dillin, an associate professor of molecular and cell biology at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif..

«A stem cell's job is twofold: to replace or recreate mature cells that are lost over time, both through normal aging and after injury, and to replace themselves so that the process can continue over the life of the animal,» said senior author John Ngai, the Coates Family Professor of Neuroscience and a member of UC Berkeley's Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and the Berkeley Stem Cell Cencell's job is twofold: to replace or recreate mature cells that are lost over time, both through normal aging and after injury, and to replace themselves so that the process can continue over the life of the animal,» said senior author John Ngai, the Coates Family Professor of Neuroscience and a member of UC Berkeley's Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and the Berkeley Stem Cell CenCell Center.