Sentences with phrase «cells process information»

Despite all they have learned in the past century, neuroscientists have made little headway in figuring out exactly how brain cells process information.

Not exact matches

Just as the digital information stored on a disc is useless without a device for reading the disc, so too is the information on DNA useless without the cell's information - processing system.

Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior.

When new information needs processing, the nerve cells can develop new synaptic contacts with their neighbouring cells or strengthen existing synapses.

This study provides a breakthrough in our understanding of how information processed in the amygdala — one cell at a time — maintains the delicate balance between whether one should or should not be afraid.

In a healthy eye, light enters the retina and activates photoreceptors which process visual information and send it to ganglion cells.

To do that, robust information - processing circuits created from biological elements within a cell become «highly critical,» Weiss says.

Gene expression is the process by which cells extract information from genes and render it in the form of either protein or RNA molecules.

Simply put, they act as little computing devices that optimally gather and process information coming into the cell, allowing the cells to adapt and change their function.

Single - celled organisms like this paramecium appear to process information even without a brain or neurons.

Working with an animal model, the researchers found that a type of cell present in the brain's primary processing area during early development, long thought to form structural scaffolding with no role in transmitting sensory information, may conduct such signals after all.

«We found that approximately 40 % of the brain cells that process visual signals appear to receive information from mRGCs,» says Brown, whose team reports its work today in PLoS Biology.

Cells in one face patch — the anterior medial patch — processed information about the appearance of faces such as distances between facial features like the eyes or hairline.

«This study also provides new information on a method to reduce or eliminate cancer cell exposure during the fertility preservation process,» she adds.

A healthy optic nerve has axons transmitting information from the eye to the brain along the nerve after considerable information processing and synaptic transmission between various cell types within the retina.

It would also be possible to geometrically position a series of proteins inside and outside the cell in custom ways in order to investigate the influence of spatial proximity for example on information processing in the cell.

The brain cells can receive input from the synthetic critter's environment, process information, and stimulate behavior.

«We wanted to understand how the monarch is processing these different types of information to yield this constant behavior — flying southwest each fall,» said Shlizerman, who is lead author on the team's recent paper in the journal Cell Reports.

In the 19th century, the pioneering neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal theorized that information was processed in our heads each time an electrical impulse traveled across a synapse, the gap between one nerve cell and the next.

A strategic focus is to continue to develop computational tools (such as KinomeXplorer, NetworKIN, and NetPhorest) and to deploy these on genome - scale quantitative data obtained by, for example, mass spectrometry, genomic, and phenotypic screens to understand the principles of how spatio and temporal assembly of mammalian signaling networks transmit and process information at a systems level in order to alter cell behavior.

«These cells are highly specialized for sampling and processing information and then directing the root growth,» he says.

The results show, for the first time, that the process of swapping genetic information, known as recombination, happens not when the malaria parasite is inside the mosquito, as previously thought, but during the asexual stage of the parasite's lifecycle inside human blood cells.

The findings suggest that the information on the X and Y chromosomes that makes this division possible is primed during gametogenesis — the process of creating ovum or sperm cells — in the parents.

They receive and process signals from the retina's light - detecting cells, the rods and the cones, and transmit them to another set of cells that, in turn, transfer the information to the brain.

Living cells must constantly process information to keep track of the changing world around them and arrive at an appropriate response.

In vertebrates, nerve cells called retinal ganglion cells send information from the retina to vision - processing centers in the brain.

Theoretical physicists of Paderborn University could compare these results with quantum chemical computer simulations, thus obtaining information about the defects» positions within the layers and the processes they are involved to decrease the cells» efficiency.

A study led by Dr. Nicholas Harmer, Senior Lecturer in Structural Biochemistry at the University of Exeter, published today in the journal Chemistry and Biology, provides new information about the way bacterial cells build up a defensive sugar coating and how that process can be interrupted.

In this process, the cell produces messenger RNA that copies the genetic information from the cell nucleus to serve as a template for protein synthesis.

Cells and tissues continuously use information from our environments — and from each other — to actively coordinate the aging process.

Dr Annecchino added: «Ultimately, the problems in Alzheimer's result from changes in the information processing capability of networks of individual brain cells.

The team also tested its technology's potential by making a worm lay eggs and by showing that a particular neuron processes information from touch - sensing cells.

Of course, the scheme requires the cells to collect and process more information — specifically, the length of individual time intervals — and researchers aren't sure exactly how a cell would do that.

Cell biologists at Yale University are taking advantage of this biological oddity to see how neural circuits process information.

Because of this architecture, the cells of the thalamus can buzz many regions at once to redirect attention, synchronize information processing, or kick - start activity.

There are a number of viruses that have a similar way of copying themselves — a process that reverses the normal flow of information in cells, which is where the term «retro» comes from — and their central machinery for replication may be a bridge from the original life - forms on this planet to what we know as life today.

This process takes place inside veritable macromolecular machines known as ribosomes, and starts by transcribing genetic information from a cell's DNA into transportable units known as messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Horizontal cells process visual information by integrating and regulating input from rod and cone photoreceptors, which allow eyes to adjust to see well in both bright and dim light conditions.

Now, using an established scientific method, University of Missouri researchers are able to watch how human fat cells transform into bone tissue cells; in the process the research team has uncovered information about osteoporosis in older women.

-- In their paper published in Nature Neuroscience in January, researchers at Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) report substantial developmental changes in communication among cells that significantly improve the information processing capabilities of the brain.

Genomic elements work together in «circuits» that determine how cells in the body process information and respond to their surroundings.

Bipolar cells relay the visual information from photoreceptors to the inner retina for further processing.

Synapses are sophisticated nanomachines that support transfer and processing of information between excitable cells.

Transcription is the process the cell uses to transfer the information contained within the DNA into a format that can be used to inform the production of proteins.

We have identified a number of key transcription factors that are deregulated during this process, and we are using this information to investigate mechanisms by which differentiation can be reprogrammed in tumour cells.

The laboratories of CSHL Professors Gregory J. Hannon and Leemor Joshua - Tor, both Investigators of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, joined forces to scrutinize the process by which a class of genome defenders called PIWI - interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are generated in cells of the germline — eggs and sperm that bear an organism's genetic inheritance and transmit this information to offspring.

March 6, 2013 One region, two functions: Brain cells» multitasking may be a key to understanding overall brain function A region of the brain known to play a key role in visual and spatial processing has a parallel function: sorting visual information into categories, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Chicago.

Nucleic acids are not only key molecules for the storage, replication and transcription of genetic information, but also serve as enzymes or regulators of a number of cell processes.

The new automated process eliminates the need for months of training and provides long - sought information about living cells» activities.

The repair process cells use to fix these cuts is error prone, and commonly leads to tiny pieces of the genetic information being lost.