Sentences with phrase «cells than neurons»

While the brain actually has more glial cells than neurons, glial cells were long thought to provide only structural support to the neurons, much like cement supports a house.

Not exact matches

That means that the stem - cell therapies have to be converted into whatever cell they're meant to be (heart - muscle cells, neurons, and so forth) before going into the body, rather than using different kinds of stem cells to treat the condition.

And, perhaps most strikingly, a team at a gaggle of New York research institutions published a paper showing how they'd used hPSCs to cook up — in just days, rather than several months — cortical neurons (critical central nervous system cells) that had normal electrophysiological signaling properties.

In 2011 researchers found that these waves of electricity cause neurons in the hippocampus, the main brain area involved with memory, to fire backward during sleep, sending an electrical signal from their axons to their own dendrites rather than to other cells.

Glucose is the fuel for neurons, and the cells consume more glucose when they are active than when they are at rest.

His lab differentiates iPSCs from autistic patients into neurons and glial cells, which they suspect may be releasing cytokines at levels higher than normal in autistic patients.

This is because rat neurons are much more efficient at pumping ions into the cell than squid neurons, say the team, resulting in squid using up more energy to generate a charge and transmit the signal.

Further study revealed that these so - called immune proteins are actually present on the surface of certain nerve cells, but that they functioned differently in the brain than they did in the rest of the body; rather than scouting for germs, they influenced signals sent between neurons.

The brown cells are new neurons, which are more numerous in active mice than sedentary mice, and the blue cells are mature neurons.

Neurons make up less than 50 percent of all brain cells.

Instead mice injected with stem cells developed a far greater number of synapses, or connections between neurons, at the damaged site than control mice did.

A small proportion of the neurons in the lateral habenula fire several times in quick bursts, rather than firing once at regular intervals; the team found that «depressed» rodents had a lot more of these quick burst cells.

Even though the brain contains about a trillion glia — 10 times as many as there are neurons — the assumption was that those cells were nothing more than a passive support system.

The researchers found that mutant mice lacking Del - 1 had more severe attacks of the EAE than normal mice, with more damage to myelin, the fatty sheath that coats neurons and helps in the transmission of signals along the cell.

One trillion nerve cells, from motor neuron to sensory neuron, purkinje cell to retinal ganglion cell, must grow right way and link in the right way if the nervous system is to be more than a senseless scramble.

Because carotid cells produce so much dopamine — up to 45 times more than the fetal neurons — and because they thrive in the relatively low oxygen concentrations found in the brain, he explains, they may do a better job at correcting Parkinson's symptoms than the fetal cells do — and they raise fewer ethical questions.

These cells also survived longer than rat neurons placed in a bath lacking the umbilical cord tissue - derived cells.

Implants like these could also control prosthetic limbs more precisely because they relay signals from carefully chosen neurons, rather than having software calculate a signal from recordings of many different cells.

Specifically, the bipolar neurons expressed more genes for membrane receptors and ion channels than non-bipolar cells, particularly those receptors and channels involved in the sending and receiving of calcium signals between cells.

In new research, published in an article in The Journal of Neuroscience, Burger and Oline — along with Dr. Go Ashida of the University of Oldenburg in Germany — have investigated auditory brain cell membrane selectivity and observed that the neurons «tuned» to receive high - frequency sound preferentially select faster input than their low - frequency - processing counterparts — and that this preference is tolerant of changes to the inputs being received.

That's because chronic itching appears to incorporate more than just the nerve cells, or neurons, that normally transmit itch signals.

The wires enabled the researchers to monitor the electrical activity of individual nerve cells in the medial temporal lobe and to detect neurons that would respond more to the perception of one person than to that of another.

«We are not saying that these are grand - mother cells, but for familiar things, like your family or celebrities, things you see frequently, the neurons are wired up and fire in a very specific way — much more so than previously thought,» Koch explains.

As Gerald Hahn, Alejandro F. Bujan and colleagues describe in the journal PLoS Computational Biology, the ability of networks of neurons to resonate can amplify oscillations in the activity of nerve cells, allowing signals to travel much farther than in the absence of resonance.

«Uncovering the power of glial cells: Brain implants can rely on more than neurons to function.»

The research also answers a long - standing question about why motor neurons, the nerve cells of the spinal cord that control muscle movement, form much faster than other types of neurons.

Researchers from Hiroki Taniguchi's lab at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) published a study in eNeuro in May 2017 showing for the first time that a unique type of inhibitory interneuron called chandelier cells — which are implicated in several diseases affecting the brain such as schizophrenia and epilepsy — seem to develop their connections differently than other types of neurons.

There are more than a trillion cells called neurons that form a labyrinth of connections in our brains.

The cortex is the thin layer of cells on the surface of the brain that governs many functions, and in elephants it contains a greater variety of cell types (such as the extensively branched neuron pictured above) than is found in more frequently studied animals such as rodents and primates.

After all, individual neurons can receive input from more than one hundred thousand other cells, some of which inhibit rather than encourage the neuron's firing.

More than 30,000 Americans live with ALS, a condition that destroys motor neuron cells that control essential muscle activity, such as speaking, walking, breathing and swallowing.

Still, when the brain cells and spinal cord cells of these babies were examined at autopsy, there was clear evidence that nusinersen had tricked SMN2 into producing a great deal more of the full length, motor neuron - protecting protein: two to six times more copies of SMN's messenger RNA were found in spinal cord samples from nusinersen - treated babies than in autopsy samples from untreated infants.

Tissue studies also showed that the drug had been taken up into motor neurons throughout the spinal cord, and into neurons and other cells in the brain, at levels higher than those thought necessary for the drug to be effective.

The question now, he says, is whether the procedure can be fine - tuned to allow more efficient production of the relay neurons — currently, fewer than 20 % of the stem cells treated develop into those ear neurons.

Higher doses of ginkgo almost completely protected cultured neurons from oxidative damage, which otherwise killed more than 60 % of the cells, the researchers reported here last week at the North American Research Conference on Complementary and Integrative Medicine.

The cells with the normal gene grew significantly longer dendrites — the portions of the cell that reach out to receive nerve impulses — than did neurons with the mutated gene, the team reports 14 October in Science.

To see what was happening in the brains of these ankyrin - G mutant mice, the researchers analyzed the cell components in inhibitory synapses connecting with pyramidal neurons, finding that two proteins known as GAT1 and GAD67 — responsible for making the neurochemical GABA that dials back nerve impulses — were at much lower levels in the synapses on pyramidal neurons in ankyrin - G mutant mice than in normal mice.

While the cells were getting quieter overall, there were some important variations: the firing of some neuron groups was dropping off faster than others.

This ability is key to keeping big cells like spinal cord neurons — which can be more than a metre long — in a healthy state.

In their search for sleep - regulating cells, Wu's team used genetic engineering to turn on small numbers of neurons in more than 500 fruit fly strains.

Ramachandran takes this reciprocity as evidence that each neuron in the brain can perform more than one function, contrary to traditional notions that these cells have single, unchanging roles.

The research team selectively overexpressed a transcription factor, Klf9, only in older neurons in mice, which eliminated more than one - fifth of their dendritic spines, increased the number of new neurons that integrated into the hippocampus circuitry by two-fold, and activated neural stem cells.

The first mechanism can be discounted because it would require very large amounts of genetic information — much more than could be encoded in the entire complement of DNA in the cell nucleus of each neuron.

One even showed greater dopamine activity in the injured side of the brain than on the normal side, indicating, says Jaenisch, that «these IPS cells could be used also for generating function of dopaminergic neurons that could have therapeutic value.»

ReNeuron's fetal cells «are closer to the neurons in [healthy] people than others used before, so they might be more effective,» Zivin says.

«The successful retrieval of memories in AD mice by increasing the number of spines for normal memory processing only in the memory cells, rather than in a broad population of cells, highlights the importance of highly - targeted manipulation of neurons and their circuits for future therapies.

«The successful retrieval of memories in AD mice by increasing the number of spines for normal memory processing only in the memory cells, rather than in a broad population of cells, highlights the importance of highly - targeted manipulation of neurons and their circuits for future therapies,» said Tonegawa in a statement.

«So the total yield of graft - derived neurons and glia (a type of brain cell that supports neurons) were much higher than the number of implanted cells, and we found that in both the young and aged hippocampus, without much difference between the two.»

One of their machines was described as being «three times larger than a red blood cell and three times smaller than a large neuron» when folded.

There are many more glial cells in the brain than neurons, and astrocytes are the most abundant of the glia, so if you take a sample of brain tissue, you're fairly sure to get some astrocytes as part of the bargain.