Furthermore, assessment of the immune response to transplanted iPSCs was favourable, while
cells transplanted at early time points had a better ability to differentiate into mature neural cells, perhaps due to the suppressive effects of the micro-environment at the transplant site at later timepoints.
Jenkins underwent three islet
cell transplants at City of Hope and today is considered diabetes free.
Six months later I had a stem
cell transplant at Emory University and after recovery I was in remission.
She's traveled more than 1,000 miles from Bay St. Louis, Miss., to receive a stem
cell transplant at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., to treat a form of blood cancer.
Not exact matches
What's more, there's no telling how long stored stem
cells will keep — or if the amount collected
at birth would even be enough for
transplant should an illness occur.
Breech Twins and higher order multiples Previous CS Pre-Eclampsia Placenta praevia Cervical incompetence Previous late stillbirth Previous premature birth Grand multiparty Age under 18 Age over 35 Smoking Drug use Severe mental health issue Epilepsy Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Asthma GBS positive Abnormal antibodies
Transplant recipient Congenital heart disease Known foetal abnormality Immunosuppressive medication MS Physical disability Intellectual disability Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Previous shoulder dystocia Previous 3rd or 4th degree tear Sickle
Cell anaemia BMI under 18 or over 35
at conception Previous massive PPH APH in current pregnancy HIV / AIDS Hepatitis B or C Active TB IUGR Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Child previously removed from custody because of abuse Uterine abnormalities such as uterine septum or double uterus Previous uterine surgery for fibroids Chronic renal problems Hypertension Auto immune condition Previous stroke or blod clot Cancer Domestic violence or abusive home Prisoners Homeless women
(borrowed from Dr Kitty) Breech Twins and higher order multiples Previous CS Pre-Eclampsia Placenta praevia Cervical incompetence Previous late stillbirth Previous premature birth Grand multiparty Age under 18 Age over 35 Smoking Drug use Severe mental health issue Epilepsy Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Asthma GBS positive Abnormal antibodies
Transplant recipient Congenital heart disease Known foetal abnormality Immunosuppressive medication MS Physical disability Intellectual disability Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Previous shoulder dystocia Previous 3rd or 4th degree tear Sickle
Cell anaemia BMI under 18 or over 35
at conception Previous massive PPH APH in current pregnancy HIV / AIDS Hepatitis B or C Active TB IUGR Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Child previously removed from custody because of abuse Uterine abnormalities such as uterine septum or double uterus Previous uterine surgery for fibroids Chronic renal problems Hypertension Auto immune condition Previous stroke or blod clot Cancer Domestic violence or abusive home Prisoners Homeless women
«Our study results are the first to argue that we may be able to treat inflammatory bowel disease and protect against
transplant rejection not only by blocking TNF alpha as is done currently, but also by stimulating ATG16L1 to prevent early death of
cells lining the gut,» says study senior investigator Ken Cadwell, PhD, an associate professor
at NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health's Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine.
Richard Jones, M.D., professor and director of the Bone Marrow
Transplant Program
at Johns Hopkins, developed a now commonly used assay to study ALDH levels in individual
cells.
«Finding the optimal conditions to avoid interfering with immune
cells working to eradicate cancer while preventing graft rejection and GVHD is the holy grail of bone marrow
transplant,» says Leo Luznik, M.D., associate professor of oncology
at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center.
Craig Venter «s team
at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California, has made a bacterial genome from smaller DNA subunits and then
transplanted the whole thing into another
cell.
To solve this problem, Smadar Cohen, a tissue engineer
at Ben - Gurion University of the Negev in Beersheba, Israel, and colleagues seeded rat cardiac
cells onto scaffolds which they
transplanted into the omentums of eight rats.
Mice
transplanted with
cells grown from a patient suffering from Huntington's disease (HD) develop the clinical features and brain pathology of that patient, suggests a study published in the latest issue of Acta Neuropathologica by CHA University in Korea, in collaboration with researchers
at Université Laval in Québec City, Canada.
Future research should not only compare how embryonic stem
cells, iPS
cells and adult stem
cells differentiate, but focus on what effects the niche in which these
cells will reside, when
transplanted, will have on their characteristics, including tendencies to mutate into cancer
cells, notes
cell and stem
cell biologist Olga Genbacev
at the University of California, San Francisco, (U.C.S.F.) School of Medicine.
Researchers
at Dana - Farber / Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center report promising outcomes from a clinical trial with patients with a rare form of bone marrow failure who received a hematopoietic stem
cell transplant (HSCT) after pre-treatment with immunosuppressive drugs only.
«We were able to study the
transplant sites in parallel and really look
at the pros and cons of each to compare the survival rates of the
cells in each area,» said Weaver.
Similar limbal stem
cell transplant work has been done by physicians
at the University of Melbourne's Center for Eye Research Australia and the Bernard O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery in Fitzroy, Australia.
«This treatment is a new form of
cell transplantation that utilizes the patient's own
cells, so it does not require immunosuppressive drugs and, thus, avoids the side effects of those drugs,» says Scott Nyberg, M.D., Ph.D., a liver
transplant surgeon
at Mayo Clinic.
Because of this, families and doctors often shrink from
transplant options, particularly when it comes to treating children, and it will limit the extent to which the breakthroughs in gene therapy and gene editing will be applied, explained Scadden, who is a practicing hematologist
at MGH and chairman of Harvard's Department of Stem
Cell and Regenerative Biology.
In the initial work
at the Roslin Institute, the egg
cells along with their
transplanted nuclei were then implanted directly into a foster mother, where they developed and, in the case of Dolly, resulted in a viable offspring.
In a study recently published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, HSCI researchers
at Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), in collaboration with Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, have developed a non-toxic transplantation procedure using antibodies to specifically target blood stem
cells in mice, an approach they hope will make blood stem
cell transplants for these patients far less toxic.
Unlike the first synthetic
cells made in 2010, in which Venter's team
at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, California, copied an existing bacterial genome and
transplanted it into another
cell, the genome of the minimal
cells is like nothing in nature.
In 1988 and 1989
at Edouard Herriot Hospital, two fetuses whose blood
cell markers showed they had severe immune disorders became the first ever to receive a
cell transplant.
At the very least, Domínguez - Bendala hopes that they could use BMP - 7 to convert the other 98 per cent of donor pancreas
cells into beta
cells, which, he estimates, could potentially provide enough insulin - producing
cells to
transplant into seven people.
For this study, a tumor
cell line was
transplanted into a rat and imaged with each of the following: conventional MRI, the radiotracer carbon - 13 (C - 13) pyruvate and hyperpolarized MRI
at a resolution of 2.5 mm, Medipix positron detector, luminescence sensor and a fluorescence microscope.
Those
at highest risk are people whose immune systems are suppressed, such as those undergoing stem
cell and lung and other organ
transplants.
These findings have suggested the development stages
at which to
transplant cells — for instance, photoreceptor
cells need to be relatively more mature than stem
cells, according to Thomas Reh, who studies retinal development
at the University of Washington.
Unlike
transplanted beta
cells — or other types of real
cells genetically engineered to release insulin for diabetes treatment (SN: 1/15/11, p. 9)-- these artificial
cells could be mass - produced and have a much longer shelf life than live
cells, says study coauthor Zhen Gu, a biomedical engineer
at the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill.
Because previous work in rats and monkeys has found that proteins that block the costimulatory signal can hold T
cells at bay, Kim Olthoff, a
transplant surgeon
at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia, thought her team could achieve a targeted immune suppression by getting the
transplanted organ itself — rather than proteins injected into the bloodstream — to block the costimulatory signal.
«Preventing graft - versus - host disease and relapse after
transplant requires a difficult balance of eliminating the bad, overactive effector T
cells, without suppressing the good, regulatory T
cells,» said Kean, who is also an associate professor of pediatrics
at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
«This opens up bone - marrow
transplants to virtually any patient out there with a haematological condition» such as leukaemia or sickle -
cell anaemia, says John Tisdale, a haematologist
at the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
«Given the serious threat of graft - versus - host disease, new approaches to make stem
cell transplants safer for patients remain a critical unmet need,» said Dr. Leslie Kean, the trial's principal investigator and associate director of the Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research
at Seattle Children's.
Using
cells from Down patients, scientists
at the University of Massachusetts Medical School
transplanted the XIST gene into that third copy.
«Because of relatively low survival rates and their advancing age, these patients tend to be poor candidates for aggressive therapies, like a bone marrow
transplant,» said senior author Catriona Jamieson, MD, PhD, professor of medicine, chief of the Division of Regenerative Medicine
at UC San Diego School of Medicine and director of the Stem
Cell Research Program
at Moores Cancer Center.
«We were very encouraged to see that the
transplanted cells sprouted long distances in both directions — a key characteristic of V2a interneurons — and that they started to connect with the relevant host neurons,» said co-author Dylan McCreedy, PhD, a postdoctoral scholar
at Gladstone.
For one,
transplanted donor
cells can be rejected just like a donor heart, putting the patient
at risk of disease and often requiring powerful immune suppressants, with all the attendant side effects and risks.
A new test may reveal which patients will respond to treatment for graft versus host disease (GVHD), an often life - threatening complication of stem
cell transplants (SCT) used to treat leukemia and other blood disorders, according to a study led by researchers
at the Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai and published online today in the journal Lancet Haematology and in print in the January issue.
«By establishing that these pigs will support
transplants without the fear of rejection, we can move stem
cell therapy research forward
at a quicker pace.»
Yong - Chun Yu
at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, and his team wondered if fearful adult mice could be helped by a
transplant of embryonic brain
cells.
Now, researchers
at the University of Missouri have shown that a new line of genetically modified pigs will host
transplanted cells without the risk of rejection.
She ultimately chose to study leukemia patients» immune responses to bone marrow
transplants, an area conducive to translational research in part because the work involves treating patients with human
cells, which can be prepared
at academic health centers.
It found that patients who received a liver and kidney
at the same time, or a liver alone, had fewer of the
cells that leap into action to defend the body from an invader — known as killer
cells or T
cells — , compared with people who had a kidney
transplant alone.
«In mice, memory T
cells are critical for a lung
transplant to have a good outcome,» said co-corresponding author Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD, a Washington University lung
transplant surgeon
at Barnes - Jewish Hospital.
Concerned that the drug by itself might not keep his aggressive cancer
at bay, Wartman opted for a second
transplant — this time with stem
cells isolated from peripheral blood from an unrelated donor.
«Our results suggest that megakaryocytes might be used clinically to facilitate adult stem
cell regeneration and to expand cultured
cells for adult stem
cell transplants,» says Meng Zhao, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow
at Stowers and lead author on the study.
Acute GVHD is «entirely a T
cell — mediated disease, most people would agree,» says Paul Martin, an oncologist and
transplant veteran
at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (the Hutch) in Seattle, Washington.
Today,
at 56, Atala oversees 300 researchers and support personnel, including chemists, biologists and engineers divided into different teams working on
cell therapy, a technology for what he calls partial
transplants and the creation of new organs.
When facing a scarcity of
transplanted bone marrow
at the lowest dose, these HSCs prioritized T
cell production.
«Umbilical cord blood contains an enriched population of bone marrow stem
cells,» says Daniel Weisdorf, director of the Adult Blood and Marrow
Transplant Program
at the university.
Hyperlipidemia also affects regulatory T
cells and disrupts their ability to prevent
transplant rejection,» said co-first author, Jessamyn Bagley, Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine
at TUSM and member of Iacomini's laboratory.