Sentences with phrase «cells use gene»

We are particularly interested in how cells use gene networks to make robust decisions even in the presence of significant fluctuations in gene expression.

Next, the scientists removed the Duchenne mutations in the iPS cells using a gene editing platform they developed that uses the CRISPR / Cas9 technology.

Our cells use genes as recipes to build proteins — little molecular machines that do useful stuff in cells.

This work, published in «Blood», was carried out by the CNIO Telomeres and Telomerase Group The treatment is based on the transport of the telomerase gene to the bone marrow cells using gene therapy, a completely new strategy in the treatment of aplastic anaemia

Not exact matches

Birds, for example, can regenerate hair cells — and lately researchers have found a few similar effects in mammals that used gene and drug therapy.

Gene therapy, for example, frequently involves using a virus to deliver a gene to the cells that scientists are targetGene therapy, for example, frequently involves using a virus to deliver a gene to the cells that scientists are targetgene to the cells that scientists are targeting.

That's the path pursued by GenVec, which wants to be the Rogaine of the ears, using gene therapy to regrow damaged hair cells.

CRISPR gene - editing has already been vaunted as a tool that could eventually be used to tackle everything from HIV / AIDS to sickle cell disease to a variety of other disorders.

Using the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to turn off certain genes in a mouse zygote as well as other new techniques to enrich the pluripotent stem cells of a rat, the group managed to grow various rat organs (a pancreas, heart, and eyes) in a mouse embryo.

Indeed, because eggs are large cells that are relatively easy to manipulate, they are one of the favored cell types used by biologists to express foreign genes and to test gene function.

The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a donor cell (a skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.

One of the key caveats at the time, however, was that the technique required the use of a virus to introduce several genes into the skin (or other) cell, and these would remain in the cell, and so might contaminate the resulting stem cell or create cancer risks.

During normal development, epigenetic programming restricts both the genes a cell can use and the cell's developmental potency.

They include going after the damage to cells done by free radicals, making use of hormone therapy, or caloric restrictions, or vitamin supplements, or, most dramatically, healthy gene selection through pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and even repairing the entire human genome.

iPS cells tend to age prematurely and die; they are also created with cancer - causing genes, which could make them dangerous to use therapeutically.

Where is the clear line in a progression from (1) using animal insulin to treat diabetes, to (2) using gene remodeling techniques to grow insulin in a host bacterium that will reproduce rapidly and from which a plentiful supply of insulin can be harvested, to (3) genetic surgery to replace the defective gene in a person diagnosed as diabetic, to (4) genetic surgery immediately after fertilization in order to replace the defective gene and alter the germ cells which would otherwise have transmitted the disease to one's offspring?

Though there have been many strides made towards ending the HIV / AIDS epidemic, such as the recent breakthrough of scientists using gene editing to remove HIV from the genome of T - cells, there is still much work to be done with over 1.2 million in the United States living with the disease.

«If we could use gene editing to remove the sequences in an embryo that cause sickle cell disease or cystic fibrosis, I would say not only that we may do so, but in the case of such severe diseases, we have a moral obligation to do so.»

Yoshinori Ohsumi, the most recent prizewinner, used baker's yeast to identify genes crucial in autophagy, the process by which cells recycle their components.

Using viral gene insertion and regulatory proteins, researchers turned adult human skin cells directly into adult human blood cells, without first returning them to a fully pluripotent state.

Fluorescence - activated sorting is then used to identify and retrieve from this mix only those cells that display strong reporter gene expression, which represent the cells with the most active enhancers.

«In addition, changes in how the genes are expressed (turned on or off) could be used in the future to predict how and when the cancer cells will spread to other parts of the body and how fast they will grow.»

One of the crucial adaptations involved changes in a gene that encodes a viral protein used to enter cells.

Researchers from Duke University had previously used CRISPR to correct genetic mutations in cultured cells from Duchenne patients, and other labs had corrected genes in single - cell embryos in a laboratory environment.

A virus containing the gene that codes for two molecular «switches» essential for turning skin cells into brown fat was used to trigger the change (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature08262).

«Many diseases, especially complex diseases, involve multiple genes, and this system could be used therapeutically to target and activate multiple genes together and rescue these disease phenotypes,» says Albert Cheng, a graduate student in the Jaenisch lab and co-author of the Cell Research paper.

By using engineered zinc - finger nucleases (ZFNs) designed to target an integrated reporter and two endogenous rat genes, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Rab38, we demonstrate that a single injection of DNA or messenger RNA encoding ZFNs into the one - cell rat embryo leads to a high frequency of animals carrying 25 to 100 % disruption at the target locus.

For the first time, specialised cells have been reprogrammed into the equivalent of embryonic stem cells without using genes that might trigger cancer.

«We are very excited about the prospect of using these more physiologically relevant cell - based models for gene and small molecule drug discoveries,» says Dr. Andrew Liu, Assistant Professor of Biology at the University of Memphis.

DNA methylation is a mechanism cells use to control gene expression at the epigenetic level.

In 2006, he used retroviruses to insert four genes into the chromosomes of mouse skin cells.

The survey, described today in a Policy Forum published by Science, randomly presented people with different vignettes that described genome editing being used in germline or somatic cells to either treat disease or enhance a human with, say, a gene linked to higher IQ or eye color.

The scientists injected the USH1G gene into the inner ear using the innocuous AAV8 virus, which enabled them to specifically target the hair cells.

The team used viruses to replace the defective genes that cause the anaemia with normal ones, then used a second virus to insert genes that «reset» the cells to a pluripotent state.

Next, Anderson and his colleagues used a set of genetic tools to identify exactly which neurons were responsible for the effect on aggression and to see if the gene that encodes for Tk also controls aggressive behavior by acting in that cell.

A team of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine has used a gene - editing tool known as CRISPR to repair the gene that causes sickle cell disease in human stem cells, which they say is a key step toward developing a gene therapy for the disorder.

Using the same technique, it should be possible to add other genes to stem cells to make them more efficient at different tasks.

Researchers then tested cell cultures and mouse models by using a gene editing process called CRISPR - Cas9 to demonstrate how the presence or absence of myomaker and myomerger — both individually and in unison — affect cell fusion and muscle formation.

These strands, known as oligonucleotides, take only a day or two to prepare and can be used to create custom genes to give cells new functions.

The Porteus team started with human stem cells from the blood of patients with sickle cell disease, corrected the gene mutation using CRISPR and then concentrated the human stem cells so that 90 percent carried the corrected sickle cell gene.

CRISPR is normally used to edit or delete genes from living cells.

Lee's team used a retrovirus to transfer the fluorescent gene to dog fibroblast cells, but they could not control where the virus inserted the gene.

The researchers used the dead guide RNAs to turn on the Pdx gene in the mice's livers, which caused the liver cells to produce insulin, reversing the mice's diabetes.

«Controlling RNA in living cells: Modular, programmable proteins can be used to track or manipulate gene expression.»

Vamsi Mootha, a mitochondrial biologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, his graduate student Isha Jain, and their colleagues used a popular DNA - editing tool called CRISPR to knock out about 18,000 different genes in human cells that were altered to have the same problems as people with mitochondrial diseases.

The researchers say this finding may indicate that cells use one strand to keep genes intact and the other to evolve new, potentially advantageous features.

The so - called STEP trial, sponsored by pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. and the federally funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), was the first to test the idea of stimulating the immune system's killer T cells to hunt for the virus more aggressively, in this case using a weakened form of the cold virus to carry three genes from HIV.

Using a genome - wide genetic screen, Dr. Gelman and colleagues identified a previously unknown metastasis suppressor — the FOXO4 protein, which belongs to a family of genes that are produced by all human cells.

They will then reproduce as directed by their own genes but using the resources of the host cell.

They then plan to use a retrovirus to introduce the artificial gene into tumour cells.