These types of free radicals are mainly produced
by cellular enzymes such as NADPH - oxidase, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
Tet2 is a type
of cellular enzyme known as an epigenetic regulator — responsible for making specific chemical annotations to regions of DNA that alter the activity of many different genes.
Røy thinks the microbial community is so sparse, and the metabolic rates so low, that the nutrient levels probably represent the bare minimum required to
keep cellular enzymes and DNA working.
The Schultz group develops tools for imaging and for
manipulating cellular enzyme activities, with a particular emphasis on lipid signalling in diabetes and the hereditary disease cystic fibrosis.
About a decade ago, researchers discovered that the compound nicotinamide mononucleotide is rapidly converted by
natural cellular enzymes into active NAD +.
My colleagues and I first undertook to synthesize nucleic acids outside the living cell, with the help
of cellular enzymes, in 1954.
This cycle of activation, production and stop / block goes around once a day and is also influenced by a compound called FBXL3, which flags CRY for degradation
by cellular enzymes.
In addition, the Amgen team showed that inhibiting
the cellular enzyme decreases b - amyloid production by cultured cells.
Schultz's team co-opted a little - used codon — known as the amber stop codon — and reengineered
the cellular enzymes to add a new amino acid, O - methyl - L - tyrosine, whenever it saw that codon.
Blackburn shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009 for discovering the molecular nature of telomeres and telomerase,
the cellular enzyme that maintains telomere ends.
When the nanoparticle encounters
a cellular enzyme called esterases it releases the second drug, camptothecin.
Szostak knew that non-chromosomal linear DNAs in yeast normally insert themselves into chromosomes or are destroyed by
cellular enzymes, presumably because they behave as if they result from random fractures.
Sodium nitrate helps break the bond cyanide forms with
the cellular enzyme.