Sentences with phrase «cellular protein called»

A cellular protein called PAK1 stimulates the growth of dendritic spines, or protrusions, that allow communication between neurons, and Roy had a hunch that this protein — when transported into brain cells — might help bring silent engrams back into direct awareness.

Previous studies in the lab showed that once HCMV is inside the cell, it quickly becomes latent by entering the cell's nucleus and co-opting a cellular protein called Daxx — part of the intrinsic immune system — to shut down its own replication, the process of reproducing its genetic material to make more copies of itself.

Degenerative brain diseases like mad cow disease (officially known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE), scrapie in sheep, and vCJD in humans are thought to be caused by prions, misfolded versions of a normal cellular protein called PrPC.

In the new study, expanding upon what scientists previously understood about intrinsic immunity, the researchers found that cells can subsequently respond to latent HCMV by employing other cellular proteins called lysine demethylases to reactivate the virus.

Not exact matches

They all use RNA molecules as messengers to transfer the information from DNA to cellular factories called ribosomes, which then build proteins, which in turn drive our metabolisms and form the structures of our cells.

Derived from Greek terms meaning «self - eating,» the autophagy system sends protein aggregates and malfunctioning cellular components into acidic compartments called lysosomes, where enzymes chew them up.

So - called functional RNA is important for almost all cells and cellular processes, for example, by binding proteins or performing catalytic processes.

It was a gene called the von Hippel - Lindau (VHL) factor, which encodes a protein that puts a brake on the cellular hypoxia response.

When cells become cancerous, tremendous stresses are placed on the cellular machinery responsible for maintaining protein equilibrium — and that machinery is the target of anti-cancer drugs called proteasome inhibitors.

Unexpectedly, Chacinska found that a cellular chaperone called Hsp104 was able to affect the mitochondrial protein machinery.

Researchers did not understand what normally kept ras genes» protein production in check — and why certain ras mutations led to such chaotic, uncontrolled cellular activity — until the discovery of a snippet of genetic material called microRNA (miRNA).

Like removing unnecessary lighting from a financially strapped household to save on electricity bills, the drug — called rapamycin — prolongs the survival of diseased neurons by forcing them to reduce protein production to conserve cellular energy.

Called 6 diazo -5-oxo L norleucine, or DON, the drug blocks the cellular use of the protein building block glutamine.

To find out why, computational biologists came up with a computer model to predict how microbial metabolism and cellular composition change as cell size varies, using details about how much space a bacterium needs for its components — DNA, proteins, and the molecular factories called ribosomes — to function.

Proteins called kinesins, for example, are natural nanomotors that support cellular functions such as mitosis (the chromosomal process that creates two nuclei from one parent nucleus) and meiosis (when the number of chromosomes per cell is reduced by one half).

A well - studied cellular switch is a protein called NtrC in the bacterium Escherichia coli.

The Brain Trauma Indicator measures blood plasma levels of the UCH - L1, a protein scientists believe helps dispose of cellular waste in the brain, and GFAP, a structural protein found in non-neuronal cells called astrocytes.

They found that by attaching to a mitochondrial protein called TOM20, alpha - synuclein prevented the mitochondria from functioning optimally, which resulted in the production of less energy and more damaging cellular waste.

Using this system, Spence and Chandran showed that a specific cellular protein, called NPC1, must interact directly with the Ebola glycoprotein for fusion to occur.

But UL138, the viral protein, is actually located outside the nucleus, at a cellular component called the Golgi.

The research team learned the virus brings with it to the cell a protein called UL138 that blocks the cellular lysine demethylases from turning the virus back on.

The team knew from previous experiments that ISRIB prevents the cellular stress response by stabilizing a protein called eIF2B, which typically helps turn on protein production.

Some of these molecules are a complex of proteins called the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) that is involved in «silencing» genes so that they are not «read» by the cellular machinery that decodes genetic information, effectively keeping the genetic information in the «off» state.

This association of the RNAi machinery and a gene's message is prelude to destruction of the message before it arrives at a cellular protein factory called the ribosome.

Bex acts on a «master regulator» protein called retinoid X receptor (RXR), which controls a network of other cellular proteins.

In 2011, UT Southwestern researchers in Dr. Levine's laboratory identified the protein Smurf1 as important for the elimination of viruses and damaged mitochondria from cells via a cellular housekeeping process called autophagy.

RNA was once thought to be a mere middleman, carrying genetic messages from the DNA in the nucleus out to cellular structures called ribosomes, where it directs the production of proteins.

The new consortium proposes to characterize and tag the 1486 known transcription factors — proteins that switch genes on and off — in the mouse genome, as well as an estimated 600 coregulators that chip in to control cellular and biological functions through networks called regulons.

Wolfram syndrome is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding a protein called wolframin, which resides in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum — another cellular compartment that functions as a manufacturing and packaging system and also acts as a reservoir for calcium ions.

Taylor and his colleagues previously identified such unstructured protein regions, called prion - like domains, as the building blocks of cellular assemblies and as hotspots for disease - causing mutations.

That DNA is packaged up by winding around histones (middle), and small molecules called polyamides are able to bind to that DNA, unlike most natural cellular proteins.

Her research team found that cellular oxidative stress (arising because of reactive oxygen species) increases in mice exposed to THS, damaging proteins, fats and DNA, and leading to hyperglycemia (excess glucose in the blood stream) and insulinemia (excess insulin in the blood)-- a condition also called insulin resistance.

The precise timing of those cellular activities is critical to normal heart development, with disruptions in the structure of proteins called histones linked to later heart problems..»

Researchers identified that a protein, called PAQR11, inside the «cellular post office», receives a signal from another protein, called Zeb1; the communication between the two proteins prompts the transport of membrane sacks inside the Golgi.

It is caused by a mutation in the ACVR1 gene, which over-activates a cellular signaling process that is important for embryo development and involves a protein called BMP.

In the past 27 years, we have found that this cycling sugar modification of proteins — called O - linked N - acetylglucosamine, or O - GlcNAc — is nearly as common as protein phosphorylation and often competes with it at the same or proximal sites on proteins to regulate nearly every cellular process in response to nutrients and stress.

A universal difference between cellular genomes is that they are far larger and have far more proteins called histones than viral genomes.

When Walter arrived in Blobel's lab as a fresh - faced apprentice, Blobel and his colleagues had limned the outlines of the so - called signal hypothesis, which purported to explain how proteins, which are made in cellular machines called ribosomes, find their pre-destined locations within cells.

In this new paper, the researchers reveal more about that mechanism, showing that without the protective ability of BRCA1, breaks in the DNA strands go unfixed, prompting the molecule ATM kinase to activate a cellular «suicide» pathway involving a protein called p53.

A protein called Zeb1 signals another protein PAQR11 in the Golgi apparatus initiating the transport of membrane vesicles inside the cellular post office.

Tubulin proteins form hollow tubes inside cells called microtubules that provide cytoskeletal structure and also act as a highway system for cellular traffic.

In the current paper, the shapes are made up of strut - reinforced tripods, which assemble themselves from individual DNA strands in a process called â $ œDNA origami.â $ Already, at 5 megadaltons, each tripod is more massive than the largest known single protein (titin, involved in muscle contraction) and more massive than a ribosome, one of the cellular factories in which proteins are made.

«This, in turn, activates another group of proteins, called ETS transcription factors, and it is this signaling relay — from Vegf to MAPKs to ETS factors — that turns on an maintains Dll4 activity, helping the arterial cells grow and gain their cellular identity over time.»

As they die, these cells release proteins, called cytokines, that cause inflammation and that attract healthy cellular targets promoting repeated rounds of infection and cell death.

This unnatural sheen is caused by the Northwest Pacific jellyfish Aequorea victoria, whose cellular makeup includes a bioluminescent protein called aequorin that a emits a deep blue light.

Previously, Walter's team discovered that ISRIB (short for «integrated stress response inhibitor») blocks this aspect of the cellular stress response by enhancing the activity of a protein called eIF2B, which helps keep a key protein production line operating in stressed cells.

To overcome this challenge, the students altered a sub-unit of curli DNA, called ribosome binding sites (RBS), and then used these modified RBS to specifically tune protein production, explained Erin Kim, A.B.» 19, a molecular and cellular biology concentrator.

The study that will be published in the March 21 issue of the science magazine Cell describes how insulin, through the activity of an enzyme recently described by the Freiburg research team, blocks one of the most important cellular stress regulators, a protein called SKN - 1.

After all, when you eat protein, it gets broken down into protein building blocks called amino acids, and the amino acids are used for everything from cellular repair of all your damaged muscle fibers to a host of other metabolic reactions (19).

NF - kB translates stress by activating genes to produce proteins called cytokines that cause inflammation at cellular level — a reaction that is useful as a short - lived fight - or - flight reaction, but if persistent leads to a higher risk of cancer, accelerated aging and psychiatric disorders like depression.