Sentences with phrase «cellular proteins process»

Not exact matches

The AXIN2 protein interacts with proteins in the Wnt signalling pathway, which is involved in controlling many cellular processes, including development.

So - called functional RNA is important for almost all cells and cellular processes, for example, by binding proteins or performing catalytic processes.

A comparative analysis of the genomes ofDrosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae — and the proteins they are predicted to encode — was undertaken in the context of cellular, developmental, and evolutionary processes.

Although no functions could be assigned to three of the proteins, bioinformatics analysis suggested that the remainder are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including reproduction, cellular metabolic processes, multicellular organismal growth, developmental processes, growth, locomotion, response to stimuli, localization and biological regulation.

Purdue University physicists are part of an international group using spinach to study the proteins involved in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert the sun's energy into carbohydrates used to power cellular processes.

However, it was unclear exactly how the mutated WRN protein disrupted these critical cellular processes.

Last, the investigation of informational processing and cellular machineries have revealed that genomes of Asgard archaea, which affiliate with eukaryotes in the tree of life (see the figure), encode proteins that they only share with eukaryotes.

Proteins called kinesins, for example, are natural nanomotors that support cellular functions such as mitosis (the chromosomal process that creates two nuclei from one parent nucleus) and meiosis (when the number of chromosomes per cell is reduced by one half).

These cancers remodel proteins using the cellular self - cannibalization process known as autophagy to capture and degrade intracellular proteins and protein - containing organelles.

Dr Christos Gkogkas, a Chancellor's Fellow in the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, said: «Our study reveals that altered protein synthesis through eIF4E is a key cellular process in the brain that can go awry in depression.

Dr. Jan Höpker, Dr. Silke Oeljeklaus, Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Pfanner, Dr. Sebastian Stiller, Prof. Dr. Bettina Warscheid, Prof. Dr. Nils Wiedemann and their team of researchers have demonstrated that this protein complex is essential for the integration of certain proteins into the inner membrane of mitochondria — proteins that play a role in cellular respiration and other processes.

«Single enzyme's far - reaching influence in human biology, disease: Enzyme Fam20C chemically modifies more than 100 different secreted proteins, thus directing numerous cellular processes.»

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a prime organism for studying fundamental cellular processes, with the functions of many proteins important in the cell cycle and signaling networks found in human biology having first been discovered in yeast.

The researchers discovered that from one stage to another, Capsaspora's suite of proteins undergoes extensive changes, and the organism uses many of the same tools as multicellular animals to regulate these cellular processes.

Previous studies in the lab showed that once HCMV is inside the cell, it quickly becomes latent by entering the cell's nucleus and co-opting a cellular protein called Daxx — part of the intrinsic immune system — to shut down its own replication, the process of reproducing its genetic material to make more copies of itself.

The latest frontier in this search for cancer telltales is the cellular process of endocytosis, which is the way cells take outside materials like proteins inside.

Crucially, the process largely maintains the relative orientation and interconnection of proteins and keeps other cellular structures intact: it distorts the relative position of proteins by 1 — 4 %, Boyden's team calculated.

In 2011, UT Southwestern researchers in Dr. Levine's laboratory identified the protein Smurf1 as important for the elimination of viruses and damaged mitochondria from cells via a cellular housekeeping process called autophagy.

Consequently, many cellular processes such as endocytosis, migration and morphogenesis rely on proteins that bind directly to membranes and sculpt them into desired shapes.

The ability of PARP1 to control cellular processes is regulated by nucleosomes — the basic unit of DNA packaging, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores, similar to a thread wrapped around a spool.

Yang and co-author Chunru Lin, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the same department, confirmed four sites for phosphorylation, a process that turns protein enzymes off and on, impacting key cellular functions.

The addition of a small protein named ubiquitin can mark another protein for destruction, relocation in the cell, or it can turn the protein on or off, which can trigger or stop a cellular process, Luo said.

The study, published in Nature Communications today, focused on protein kinases, enzymes that are key regulators of cellular processes.

While normal RNA regulation involves regulated and reversible assembly of RNA - protein particles, both increased cellular age and mutation push the process towards hyperassembly, which leads to altered pools of RNA or RNA regulatory proteins in neurons that contribute to their eventual death.

These proteins are pumped into the cell through a narrow pore and disrupt cellular processes, often resulting in the cell's death.

It is caused by a mutation in the ACVR1 gene, which over-activates a cellular signaling process that is important for embryo development and involves a protein called BMP.

Construction of somatic cellular knockout models for the determination of protein functional impacts on various cellular processes:

In the past 27 years, we have found that this cycling sugar modification of proteins — called O - linked N - acetylglucosamine, or O - GlcNAc — is nearly as common as protein phosphorylation and often competes with it at the same or proximal sites on proteins to regulate nearly every cellular process in response to nutrients and stress.

Bits of misfolded proteins processed by specialty organelles may accumulate in the main compartment of the cell, the cytosol, where they can be tagged for disposal by the cellular garbage service.

Their results suggest that these proteins and the cellular processes they govern are the most crucial — in effect, the collective Achilles heel — for both the human body and its viral invaders.

In fact, they found that TGF - β halts both the transcription of the p53 gene - the process by which cellular machinery reads the DNA code for a gene - and the subsequent process by which the corresponding p53 protein is produced, known as translation.

For example, cellular reprogramming is an inefficient process because many of the target areas on the genome are covered by other proteins, like a childproof cap on a medicine bottle, which prevents the reprogramming factors from binding there.

Scientists look at the structure, function, and evolution of genes (genomics), analyze the interactions with proteins these genes produce (proteomics), and systematically track the chemical traces of cellular processes (metabolomics).

The BMP protein acts as an activator for cell — surface receptors, and initiates cellular processes and signaling cascades.

Hsieh brings expert knowledge of prostate cancer and the PI3K pathway and its effects on a critical cellular process: translating genetic material into proteins, our cells» workhorses.

LOS1: LOS1 may be involved in a variety of fundamental cellular processes, ranging from protein synthesis to DNA repair.

In studying the human placenta, researchers looked at gene expression: the process by which a gene's DNA sequence is converted into cellular proteins.

LAMP2A: The A variant of lysosome - associated membrane protein 2 is a receptor involved in the cellular maintenance processes of autophagy, but levels decrease with age, and in at least some species this appears to be one of the factors involved in the age - related decline of autophagy.

He founded Gladstone's multi-pronged research program on Alzheimer's in 1998, and has since identified molecular and cellular processes by which amyloid - beta proteins, which accumulate in the brains of Alzheimer patients, impair cognitive functions.

It is produced by photophosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes.

Using tiny, alpaca - derived, single - domain antibody fragments, Whitehead Institute scientists have developed a method to perturb cellular processes in mammalian cells, allowing them to tease apart the roles that individual proteins play in these pathways.

In the current paper, the shapes are made up of strut - reinforced tripods, which assemble themselves from individual DNA strands in a process called â $ œDNA origami.â $ Already, at 5 megadaltons, each tripod is more massive than the largest known single protein (titin, involved in muscle contraction) and more massive than a ribosome, one of the cellular factories in which proteins are made.

The scope of the journal encompasses all of «traditional» molecular biology (including DNA replication, recombination and repair, gene expression, RNA processing, translation, and protein folding, modification, and degradation) as well as studies of the molecular interactions and mechanisms that underlie basic cellular processes.

One of the ten emerging technologies selected was the Human Cell Atlas, which aims to integrate research exploring all the «omes»: the genome (the full set of genes), the transcriptome (the RNA made from all genes), the proteome (the proteins), the metabolome (small molecules, such as sugars, fatty acids and amino acids, involved or generated by cellular processes), and the fluxome (metabolic reactions whose rates can vary under different conditions).

ATF2 is a protein that can regulate a vast array of gene expression and therefore can contribute to many cellular behaviors and processes.

Post-transcriptional control processes regulate the rate and timing of protein production and are of central importance to proper cellular function.

The protein, Argonaute - 2, is a key player in RNA interference, a powerful cellular phenomenon that has important roles in diverse biological processes, including an organism's development.

Autophagy (more specifically macroautophagy) is the process by which cellular compartments, such as membranes and organelles and also protein aggregates, are recycled back into their building blocks [122].

While reproductive proteins with conserved homologs in different phyla are not uncommon, most of them are involved in general cellular functions, and are hence also required for other non-reproductive processes [18], [19].

The collaboration is centred on mRNA translation, the cellular process of assembling proteins, which is a promising area of research with the potential to produce treatments that can target a fundamental characteristic of cancer cells.