In contrast to the usual professional portfolio manager, who may charge 1 per
cent up front plus transactions fees and perhaps a layer of mutual funds fees up to the average level of 2.6 per cent for stock mutual funds, robo advisors may just offer very low fee exchange traded funds and a very low robo charge.
Renault went to the extent of having their gun RS engineers fiddle with the suspension tuning, increasing both front and rear spring rates by five per cent, and the damping by some 50 per
cent up front and 40 per cent in the rear, over the standard machine.
It tips the scales at a scant 1,304 kg, and weight distribution is spread nearly perfectly at 52 per
cent up front and 48 per cent at the rear.
What Amazon would do is charge the customer, say, 99
cents up front, then bill the customer for every $ 9.99 spent, or some other increments, kind of like they do for AMS advertising.
Not exact matches
Roughly 30 per
cent of that tax the CCPC paid
up front on passive income is refunded when the dividends are distributed.
The Globe and Mail, in a
front page article entitled «Consider This» argued that the political «parties should commit to holding the line on EI premium increases» [1] They argued that EI premium rates are going
up by 15
cents per $ 100 of insurable earnings for every future year and that this is a significant hit on incomes and pocketbooks.
Prices for the
front - month December contract settled
up 6.4
cents, or 2.8 %, at $ 2.321 a million British thermal units on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
In a scientific poll of the Conservative Party grassroots which we undertook last summer with the help of YouGov, we found that Boris Johnson was way out in
front, with 38 % of first preferences — double the number given to Theresa May and a long way ahead of George Osborne who picked
up just three per
cent of them.
«In order to meet a key target for them we reconfigured the offer to give more money
up front and meet their target of ten per
cent in the first two years of the deal.
With 53 per
cent of small business owners saying that they spend between one and six hours per week chasing late payments, firms can take control by: Making sure there is a contract in place which confirms payment times and then penalties if payment is late — such as interest charges Offering a discount for prompt payment, dependent on the relationship with the purchaser Asking for payment
up -
front, or a deposit before work begins Talking to the purchaser before shipment to make sure that all sides know payment terms John Walker, National Chairman, Federation of Small Businesses, said: «There are always going to be companies that pay late, but there are steps that businesses can put in place to make sure that they don't fall foul of the issue.
High
up -
front expenses plus relatively low efficiency makes the cost of geothermal electricity about double that of coal, which sells for around five
cents per kilowatt - hour.
Up to 80 per
cent of the planetary systems Kepler has discovered appear as single planets passing in
front of their stars.
The team believes a dip in 2011, which reduced the brightness of Tabby's star by
up to 15 per
cent, can be explained by a massive ringed planet five times the size of Jupiter transiting in
front of it.
WHY: A 2006 study at York St John University in the UK found that students could hold a 2.4 pound weight straight out in
front of their bodies at shoulder height for
up to 10 per
cent longer when they listened to a workout playlist that had motivational pop or rock music for the entire torturous session.
The resulting ATTESA E-TS Pro — or Advanced Total Traction Engineering System for All - Electronic Torque Split — would employ a number of sensors to monitor lateral acceleration and individual wheel speeds, enabling an electronically controlled, hydraulically operated multiplate clutch pack to send
up to 50 per
cent of the GT - R's drive to the
front wheels when required.
To keep all the mass in check through quicker direction changes, spring rates are
up by 20 and 13 per
cent (
front and rear respectively), while anti-roll bar stiffness has been increased too, 12 per
cent at the nose and at 67 per
cent at the back.
Under normal circumstances power is split 40/60
front to rear but
up to 70 per
cent of power can go to the
front axle or 85 per
cent to the rear should conditions demand it.
Compared to the S90, torsional rigidity is
up 45 per
cent and weight is down 230 kg thanks to the bodyshell, largely constructed using carbonfibre, and weight distribution is 48:52
front: rear.
Up to 70 per
cent can be sent to the
front wheels, while as much as 85 per
cent can go to the rear.
The four - wheel drive system can send
up to 50 per
cent of its torque to the rear axle, although it is primarily
front - wheel drive like all Haldex - based systems.
Front and rear spring rates are
up 30 per
cent, the dampers — which adjust 100 times per second — are retuned and there's been a whole host of hardware changes on both axles, too.
That took me by surprise a little, considering the Cup chassis» sharpness — the springs are stiffer than the standard Clio 200's by 27 per
cent at the
front, 30 at the rear — and the thrummy 2 - litre
up front.
This demo car is a shop window for what BBR can do, so in addition to the boosted motor it has the firm's own suspension set -
up, comprising adjustable Spax dampers with BBR - spec springs that are 10 per
cent stiffer all round and a little lower at the
front, but not at the rear so as to preserve wheel travel.
4MOTION four - wheel drive is standard fit; in normal driving, 90 per
cent of power goes to the
front wheels, but should conditions require, nearly all of it can be sent to the back by a Haldex clutch taking
up torque at the rear axle.
In normal driving 60 per
cent of the engine's power and torque is sent to the rear axle, with
up to 85 per
cent able to be sent to the rear or 70 per
cent to the
front axle in extreme conditions.
Under normal conditions, 100 per
cent of the power will be directed to the
front wheels, but when road conditions are slippery, the system will automatically divert
up to 50 per
cent of the available power to the rear wheels in an effort to enhance traction and steering control.
The six - speed automatic drives all four wheels; under normal driving conditions it powers the
front wheels, but can send
up to 50 per
cent of the drive rearward should the need arise.
Based on new
front - drive platform developed by Mercedes - Benz for its A-class family, the Q30 features a slightly raised ride height, sweeping roofline and confident styling, all aimed at winning sales from younger buyers who are predicted to make -
up 80 per
cent of global luxury car - buyers by 2020.
However, when wheel slippage is detected, the system reacts to transfer
up to 50 per
cent of the power to the
front wheels in an effort to provide optimal traction.
The AWD system runs primarily in
front - wheel under most conditions, but can transfer
up to 70 per
cent of torque to the rear wheels and from there, distribute it between the left or right wheel.
The former shuffles power across the
front axle and can send
up to 100 per
cent of the engine's torque to an individual wheel to make the most of the available grip, while the later tweaks the brakes to help keep the Leon's nose locked on your chosen line.
That means the X5 divert
up to 100 per
cent power to either the
front or rear axles.
Thanks to extensive aerodynamic improvements (such as air inlet openings in
front, modified door mirror caps, new wheel spoiler), tyres optimised for low rolling resistance and standard 8 - speed automatic gearbox optimised for low friction, Volkswagen was able to improve the fuel efficiency of the Touareg by
up to six per
cent (V6 TDI with 150 kW).
Active Distance Assist DISTRONIC: Controls the distance to vehicles in
front up to a speed of 210 km / h and if necessary brakes the vehicle with
up to 50 per
cent of the maximum braking power.
In this case it's a Haldex system that pushes torque to the
front wheels first, but can distribute anything
up to 100 per
cent of torque to the rear wheels in the quest for traction.
Together with a new body, the type 981 Boxster features a new chassis; 40 per
cent more torsionally rigid, the
front track is 40 mm wider, the rear 18 mm wider and the wheelbase extended by 60 mm, but with a small weight reduction of
up to 35 kilograms (77 lb) compared to the previous type 987 Boxster.
An advanced Dual Axis Strut
Front Suspension system helps to reduce torque steer by 50 per
cent compared to the standard Civic's suspension set
up, enhancing high speed stability, on - the - limit cornering and steering feel.
Offroad Detection technology The advanced engines and transmissions are complemented by the latest incarnation of the quattro four - wheel - drive system, which supplies 60 per
cent of torque to the back wheels in normal driving conditions, and can divert
up to 85 per
cent rearwards or 65 per
cent to the
front in order to retain traction on rougher surfaces if necessary.
Up front, the outgoing version's optional bi-xenon headlights have been replaced by LED high - performance headlights that consume 60 per
cent less energy than xenons and 70 per
cent less than halogen units.
Honda claims that the
front suspension has managed to reduce the torque steer by
up to 50 per
cent, while the rear setup has improved roll rigidity by 180 per
cent.
The
front track is a huge 48 mm wider than on the previous ST, and torsional rigidity is
up by eight per
cent.
The way it grips
up through corners is breath - taking, the quattro system apportioning torque 40:60
front to rear and able to push
up to 85 per
cent to the rear axle thanks to a mechanical centre diff.
With a lovely satisfying short - throw gearshift, and a + R button that uprates the already firmer dampers by 30 per
cent, increases throttle response and weights
up the steering, the Type R has the handling and feel to take on the best of its
front - wheel - drive hot hatch rivals.
The quattro AWD system is another important element of the vehicle's off - road prowess and apportions torque 40:60 between
front and rear axles when cruising but can split
up to 75 per
cent of torque to the
front and 85 per
cent to the rear when necessary.
Normally the car's Q4 four - wheel drive system directs all of its power to the rear axle, which is to say the correct one, but to maintain stability and traction it can send
up to 50 per
cent to the
front wheels.
It apportions torque 40:60
front to rear and the full - time 4WD system can shunt
up to 75 per
cent torque to the
front or 85 per
cent to the rear axle when needed.
Audi's injected some two - turning / two - burning spirit into the RS 5's quattro all - wheel drive by setting it
up with a static 40/60
front / rear torque split and it can channel as much as 85 per
cent of drive to the rear, which is then distributed side - to - side by an electro - mechanical sports differential.
Up to 90 per
cent of torque can be dedicated to the
front or rear axle if necessary, which the system determines by continually monitoring information on the steering angle, speed, yaw, and other sensors.
It can send
up to 85 per
cent of torque to the rear axle and 65 per
cent to the
front when needed.
Clever turbocharger technology, as well as idle - stop system across the range and other
up to date engine tweaks reduce fuel consumption of the
front - wheel drive variant to 8.4 L / 100 km on the ADR combined cycle — 25 per
cent better than the outgoing model.