An 1884 newspaper illustration, for example, depicted a skeleton disguised
as a fruit seller offering produce to little children, suggesting that raw, unboiled fruits and vegetables led to cholera.17 The actual culprit, especially in such turn - of - the -
century urban metropolises
as New York City, with its inadequate, overloaded water and sewer systems, was most likely bacteria residing on the outside of the produce, or contaminated water or milk that happened to be ingested, rather than anything in the produce itself.18 Given the
laxative effect of fruits and vegetables if consumed in excess, however, it is understandable that people assumed fresh produce might contribute to diseases with symptoms that included diarrhea.