Sentences with phrase «century scale increase»

If greenhouse warming causes a substantial increase in Atlantic hurricane activity, then the century scale increase in tropical Atlantic SSTs since the late 1800s should have produced a long - term rise in measures of Atlantic hurricanes activity, similar to that seen for global temperature, for example.

If greenhouse warming causes a substantial increase in hurricane activity, then the century scale increase in global and tropical Atlantic SSTs since the late 1800s should have been accompanied by a long - term rising trend in measures of Atlantic hurricanes activity.

Not exact matches

Furthermore, since the end of the 19th century, we find an increasing variance in multidecadal hydroclimatic winter and spring, and this coincides with an increase in the multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability, suggesting a significant influence of large - scale atmospheric circulation patterns.

Increasing abundances of tropical / subtropical species throughout the 20th century reflect a warming trend superimposed on decadal - scale fluctuations.

The global average surface temperature has risen between 0.6 °C and 0.7 °C since the start of the twentieth century, and the rate of increase since 1976 has been approximately three times faster than the century - scale trend.»

Global warming does not mean no winter, it means winter start later, summer hotter, as Gary Peters said «The global average surface temperature has risen between 0.6 °C and 0.7 °C since the start of the twentieth century, and the rate of increase since 1976 has been approximately three times faster than the century - scale trend.»

In other words, the same natural forcings that appear responsible for the modest large - scale cooling of the LIA should have lead to a cooling trend during the 20th century (some warming during the early 20th century arises from a modest apparent increase in solar irradiance at that time, but the increase in explosive volcanism during the late 20th century leads to a net negative 20th century trend in natural radiative forcing).

-- It is virtually certain that increases in the frequency of warm daily temperature extremes and decreases in cold extremes will occur throughout the 21st century on a global scale.

SW fails to mention effects that may counter-act warming trends, such as irrigation, better shielding of the thermometers, and increased aerosol loadings, in addition to forgetting the fact that forests were cut down on a large scale in both Europe and North America in the earlier centuries.

Ice cores show atmospheric CO2 variations to lag behind atmospheric temperature changes on a century to millenium scale, but modern temperature is expected to lag changes in atmospheric CO2, as the atmospheric temperature increase since about 1975 generally is assumed to be caused by the modern increase in CO2.

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

The study by Macias & Johnson (2008) provides not only evidence for the link between decadal - scale changes in the teleconnection patterns (e.g. the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index) and the increased fire frequency in the late twentieth century but also an explanation of why the pattern of fire variability and fire - climate relationships changes at different time scales from centennial / decadal to interannual.....

By «committed» or «locked in» warming or sea level in a given year, we refer to the long - term effects of cumulative anthropogenic carbon emissions through that year: the sustained temperature increase or SLR that will ensue on a time scale of centuries to millennia in the absence of massive and prolonged future active carbon removal from the atmosphere.

As the water level in the Sunderbans delta increases by 7 mm a year, a significant area will be inundated by the turn of century, forcing large - scale migration, particularly in Bangladesh.

Scientists fear that continued clearing, together with increased incidence and severity of drought and fire due to climate change, could result in a large scale die - off of Earth's largest rainforest by the end of the century.

Global Warming is the century - scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's surface, oceans, and atmosphere due to an increase in the greenhouse effect.

The Earth's temperature has warmed in the modern era as a consequence of the strong solar activity during the 20th century (the Modern Maximum) shielding cosmic ray intensification and thus reducing decadal - scale cloud cover, which leads to warming via an increase in absorbed surface solar radiation (as illustrated here by Ogurtsov et al., 2012 and detailed by Avakyan, 2013, McLean, 2014, and others).

He theorizes that the Earth's temperature has warmed in the modern era as a consequence of the strong solar activity during the 20th century (the Modern Maximum) shielding cosmic ray intensification and thus reducing decadal - scale cloud cover, which leads to warming via an increase in absorbed surface solar radiation (as illustrated here by Ogurtsov et al., 2012 and detailed by Avakyan, 2013, McLean, 2014, and others).

We infer an increase in century - scale El Niño activity beginning ca. 1700 yr B.P. with peaks in El Niño activity ca. 1500 yr B.P., 1150 yr B.P., and ca. 700 yr B.P..

The table that accompanies the above passage from the IPCC's report, captioned «Extreme weather and climate events: global - scale assessment of recent observed changes, human contribution to the changes, and projected further changes for the early (2016 — 2035) and late (2081 — 2100) 21 st century `'» has the following entries for «Increases in intensity and / or duration of drought»: under changes observed since 1950, «low confidence on a global scale, likely changes in some regions `'» [emphasis added]; and under projected changes for the late 21 st century, «likely (medium confidence) on a regional to global scale».

Compelling arguments both for and against significant increases in the land area affected by drought and / or dryness since the mid — 20th century have resulted in a low confidence assessment of observed and attributable large - scale trends.

· In the mid - and high - latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere over the latter half of the twentieth century, it is likely that there has been a 2 to 4 percent increase in the frequency of heavy precipitation events [thunderstorms and large - scale storm activity].

«From 1910 - 1949 (pre-agricultural development, pre-DEV) to 1970 - 2009 (full agricultural development, full - DEV), the central United States experienced large - scale increases in rainfall of up to 35 % and decreases in surface air temperature of up to 1 °C during the boreal summer months of July and August... which conflicts with expectations from climate change projections for the end of the 21st century (i.e., warming and decreasing rainfall)(Melillo et al., 2014).»

However, Jongman et al. (2014) suggested that the expansion of the EUSF budget to compensate for future large scale floods is infeasible with the projected increasing trend in flood losses for the current century.

Although the extremely persistent high pressure is at least a century - scale occurrence (8), anthropogenic global warming has very likely increased the probability of such conditions (8, 9).

Because the chemistry of the ocean equilibrates with that of the atmosphere (on time scales of decades to centuries), methane oxidized to CO2 in the water column will eventually increase the atmospheric CO2 burden (Archer and Buffett, 2005).

An analysis of the historical data suggests a strong correlation between the solar activity and the natural climate variations on centennial time - scales, such as the colder climate during the Maunder (about 1650 − 1700 AD) and Dalton (about 1800 − 1820 AD) minima as well as climate warming during the steady increase in solar activity in the first half of the twentieth - century (Siscoe 1978; Hoyt & Schatten 1997; Solomon et al. 2007; Gray et al. 2010).

The hurricane signal shows strong, centennial - scale variations in frequency with a period of increased activity between the 12th — 16th centuries, and decreased activity during the 11th and 17th — 19th centuries.

The hurricane signal shows centennial - scale variations in frequency with a period of increased activity between the 12th — 16th centuries, and decreased activity during the 11th and 17th — 19th centuries.

If the sea level response to a change in temperature is an exponential decay to equilibrium then given that the 0.8 C temperature increase since pre-industrial times occurred over a relatively short time period relative to time scale of the ice - albedo feedback, the expected rate of sea level rise should be approximately 3 m / C * 0.8 C / 560 y = 43 cm per century.

There is very high confidence that models reproduce the general features of the global - scale annual mean surface temperature increase over the historical period, including the more rapid warming in the second half of the 20th century, and the cooling immediately following large volcanic eruptions...

In terms of the likely economic consequences of climate change, it found that additional temperature increases of 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (compared to late 20th century temperatures) would cause global annual economic losses of between 0.2 to 2 % of income, with losses more likely to be on the higher end of the scale.

Torneträsk tree growth is representative of a wide area in northern Fennoscandia (Briffa et al. 1992; Gouirand et al. 2007) and the tree - ring data have been used in a number of high resolution large - scale climate reconstructions (Jones et al. 1998; D'Arrigo et al. 1999; Mann et al. 1999; Briffa 2000; Briffa et al. 2002b; Esper et al. 2002; Mann and Jones 2003; Luterbacher et al. 2004; Moberg et al. 2005) with the objective to place the documented late - twentieth century temperature increase (IPCC 2007) in a longer time - scale perspective.

In addition, time scales matter here — increasing the amount of CO2 by 33 % over the course of a few decades would overwhelm any system (like the Earth's climate) that has a time constant of centuries.

These models may well be significantly affected by increases in marine boundary layer ozone loss, but since they have only just started to be used to simulate 20th and early 21st Century changes, it is very unclear what difference it will make at the large scale.

The assumption that the rate of change of sea level rise from those components that were small during the 20th century and which have been attributed to ice sheets would scale with global temperature change leads to a strong and unlimited amplification of future sea level rise when global temperatures continue to increase.

Lett., 2011, doi: 10.1029 / 2011GL048008) evaluated the NCAR CCSM4 model arctic sea ice trends and found that on time - scales less than 10 years, it's equally possible for the September sea ice to increase or decrease even into the 21st century.

Global century scale extreme high temperatures increasing?

It is shown that for the «A2» business as usual scenario, every model exhibits an increase in the eddy length scale in the future compared with the simulation of 20th Century climate.