The relative risk between the extreme quartiles of
cereal fiber intake was 0.39; p = 0.01.
388 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES tive correlation between
cereal fiber intake and risk of CHD, whereas the correlation was weak or nonexistent for fruit and vegetable fibers.
Compared with the lowest quintile of
cereal fiber intake (2.2 g / d), women in the highest quintile (7.7 g / d) had a 34 percent lower risk of total CHD.
Similarly, Morris and coworkers (1977) followed 337 men in London, England for 10 to 20 years and found that men with a high intake of cereal fiber had a lower rate of CHD than men with a low
cereal fiber intake.
In addition, an inverse relationship between cereal and
cereal fiber intake and colon cancer incidence was reported in 24 studies although 7 other studies did not see this effect (Jacobs et al., 1998).
Similarly, in the Finnish Mobile Clinic Survey (Montonen et al., 2003),
cereal fiber intake also was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Vegetable, fruit, and
cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart dis - ease among men.
For fixed total
cereal fiber intake, the total mortality rate was 17 % lower if the fiber came from whole - grain foods than from refined - grain foods.
Furthermore, «associations did not differ substantially by obesity status, family history of diabetes, physical activity level,
cereal fiber intake, trans - fat intake, or ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat.»
Whole - Grain, Bran, and
Cereal Fiber Intakes and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Diabetic Women
Not exact matches
Many people could raise their general level of wellness at the same time they enhance their appearance and self - image, by doing two things — drastically reducing or eliminating the
intake of junk food, refined sugar, and other carbohydrates, saturated fats, alcohol, and nicotine; and adding more healthful foods to their diets including vegetable proteins, whole - grain
cereals and bread, raw vegetables and fruits, and high
fiber foods.
A higher score indicated a healthier overall diet — one with lower
intake of saturated and trans fats, sugar - sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats; lower glycemic index foods; and higher
intakes of
cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fats, coffee, and nuts.
In contrast, higher
intake of
cereal fiber (grams / day) and each cup of coffee per day were associated with reduced diabetes risk in both groups.
To help bridge this
intake gap, food companies market processed breakfast
cereals, granola bars and even brownies with added
fiber.
Conversely, the risk reductions observed with higher
intakes of total and
cereal fibers were largely explained by the dietary GI.
Cereal, fruit, and vegetable
fiber intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals
The researchers concluded, «Given that both a high
cereal fiber content and lower glycemic index are attributes of wholegrain foods, recommendation to increase wholegrain
intake may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome.»
Cereal fiber and whole - grain
intake are associated with reduced progression of coronary - artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease.
Boost your
fiber intake by adding almonds to your bran
cereal.
A 2011 study published in the BMJ found total
fiber intake, as well as
fiber from whole grains and from
cereals, was strongly associated with a reduction in colon cancer.
It turns out
cereal is where the magic's at:
Cereals high in
fiber had the strongest correlation between
fiber intake and reduced diabetes risk, even more so than fruit.
Conversely, a higher
intake of
cereal fiber has been consistently associated with lower diabetes risk.
Dietary
Fiber and Protection Against Breast Cancer A growing number of studies have reported on the relationship of Dietary
Fiber intake and breast cancer incidence, and the strongest case can be made for
cereal consumption rather than consumption of Dietary
Fiber per se (for an excellent review see Gerber [1998]-RRB-.
Summary On the basis of the evidence provided on
fiber intake and CHD, certain sources of Dietary Fiber (cereal foods) and certain Functional Fibers (viscous) are associated with reduced risk of
fiber intake and CHD, certain sources of Dietary
Fiber (cereal foods) and certain Functional Fibers (viscous) are associated with reduced risk of
Fiber (
cereal foods) and certain Functional
Fibers (viscous) are associated with reduced risk of CHD.
Taken collectively and averaging to the nearest gram, these data suggest an
intake of 14 g of Dietary
Fiber / 1, 000 kcal, particularly from
cereals, to promote heart health.
In the Health Professionals Follow - Up Study (Hu et al., 2001), the risk of developing diabetes did not decrease with higher total
fiber intakes, but a risk reduction of 30 percent was observed in the highest quintile of
cereal -
fiber intake (median 10.2 g per day) compared to the lowest quintile (median
intake 1.14 g per day).
Again, as in the Nurses» cohort,
cereal fiber but not fruit or vegetable
fiber intake was associated with the protective effect.
342 DIETARY REFERENCE
INTAKES Resistant starch that is naturally occurring and inherent in a food or created during normal processing of a food, as is the case for flaked corn
cereal, would be categorized as Dietary
Fiber.
It should be kept in mind that although high Dietary
Fiber intake is associated with decreased risk or improvements in several chronic diseases, a report of the National Academy of Sciences states â $ there is no conclusive evidence that it is dietary fiber rather than the other components of vegetables, fruits, and cereal products that reduces the risk of those diseasesâ $ (NRC, 1
Fiber intake is associated with decreased risk or improvements in several chronic diseases, a report of the National Academy of Sciences states â $ there is no conclusive evidence that it is dietary
fiber rather than the other components of vegetables, fruits, and cereal products that reduces the risk of those diseasesâ $ (NRC, 1
fiber rather than the other components of vegetables, fruits, and
cereal products that reduces the risk of those diseasesâ $ (NRC, 1989).
The researchers proposed an Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) to reflect different types of fats; the level of
cereal fiber (to represent whole grain
intake); the ratio of white meat to red meat in the diet; consumption of nuts, legumes, and soy; and moderate alcohol consumption.
Wolk and coworkers (1999) examined the relationship between
intake of Dietary
Fiber and risk of CHD in the Nursesâ $ ™ Health Study and found a significant inverse asso - ciation, which was confined to Dietary
Fiber from
cereal sources (Table 7 - 2).
However, the source of
fiber appears to be important, as
cereal fiber but not fruit or vegetable
fiber intake has been inversely associated with risk for diabetes in several studies (Salmeron et al., 1997b).
Therefore, a recommended
intake level can be set for Total
Fiber based on prevention of CHD and recognizing that the greatest benefit comes from the ingestion of
cereal fibers and viscous Functional Fibers, including gums and pe
fibers and viscous Functional
Fibers, including gums and pe
Fibers, including gums and pectins.
A Canadian study showed a significant protective trend for the
intake of
cereals, with borderline significance for Dietary
Fiber (Rohan et al., 1993).
These individuals were encouraged to increase grain
fiber intake by increasing consumption of whole meal bread, high
fiber breakfast
cereals, and wheat bran, which resulted in an increased grain
fiber intake from 9 to 17 g / d in the intervention group.
Therefore, the overall benefits of whole - grain
intake or any of its constituents (such as
cereal fiber or
fiber per se) and the incidence of colon cancer remain an unresolved issue and further research is needed.