Sentences with phrase «cerebellar neurons»

In abiotrophies, the cerebellar development proceeds normally, and the animal remains unaffected for a period of months or even years before cerebellar neurons begin to die off prematurely.

Primary neonatal cerebellar neurons have been used as a suitable model to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity because they allow for the observation of the various stages of neurodevelopment, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and morphological and functional maturation [18].

The overall aim of this study was to determine whether these two neonicotinoids exert effects similar to those of nicotine on cerebellar neurons from neonatal rats.

Primary cultures of cerebellar neurons from neonatal rats allow for examinations of the developmental neurotoxicity of chemicals because the various stages of neurodevelopment — including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and morphological and functional maturation — can be observed in vitro.

She added that, «attempts to generate the cerebellum from human iPS cells have already met with some success, and these patient - derived cerebellar neurons and tissues will be useful for modeling cerebellar diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxia.»

The researchers then looked for mature cerebellar neurons.

RIKEN researchers have taken up this challenge, and the work published in Cell Reports details how sequentially applying several signaling molecules to three - dimensional cultures of human embryotic stem cells prompts the cells to differentiate into functioning cerebellar neurons that self - organize to form the proper dorsal / ventral patterning and multi-layer structure found in the natural developing cerebellum.

Not exact matches

This study, reported in the February 2015 issue of Experimental Biology and Medicine, utilized cultured cerebellar granule neurons, one of the most widely used models to study neuronal death.

The same neurons are destroyed in people with the disorder cerebellar ataxia, which causes unsteadiness and loss of coordination.

«The difference in ape cerebellar volume, relative to a scaled monkey brain, is equal to 16 billion extra neurons,» says Barton.

For decades neuroscientists have been building theories of brain function despite a near total lack of data on the most numerous neurons of all: cerebellar granule cells.

These cells also showed early markers that are specific to developing Purkinje cells, granule cells, or deep cerebellar projection neurons — all types of neurons only found in the cerebellum.

At one end of the neuroepithelium, a region developed that was positive for markers of progenitors of granule and deep cerebellar nuclei projection neurons and negative for Purkinje - cell markers, and whose origins could be traced to the rhombic lip zone of the cerebellar plate.

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester - equivalent increases expression of the GABA < sub > A receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats.

The p75 neurotrophin receptor can induce autophagy and death of cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

Calpain Plays a Central Role in 1 - Methyl -4-phenylpyridinium (MPP (+)-RRB-- Induced Neurotoxicity in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 Cerebellar Disease Requires the Coordinated Action of Mutant Ataxin - 7 in Neurons and Glia, and Displays Non-Cell-Autonomous Bergmann Glia Degeneration.

Inactivation of the myocyte enhancer factor - 2 repressor histone deacetylase - 5 by endogenous ca2 / / calmodulin - dependent kinase ii promotes depolarization - mediated cerebellar granule neuron survival.

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester - equivalent increases expression of the GABA A receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats.

N - terminal cleavage of the mitochondrial fusion GTPase OPA1 occurs via a caspase - < i > independent mechanism in cerebellar granule neurons exposed to oxidative or nitrosative stress.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and trophic factor withdrawal activate distinct signaling cascades that induce glycogen synthase kinase - 3β and a caspase -9-dependent apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons.

Activation of steroid - sensitive TRPM3 channels potentiates glutamatergic transmission at cerebellar Purkinje neurons from developing rats.

Inhibition of Rac GTPase triggers a c - Jun - and Bim - dependent mitochondrial apoptotic cascade in cerebellar granule neurons.

Insulin - like growth factor - I blocks Bcl - 2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) induction and intrinsic death signaling in cerebellar granule neurons.

Leading - process actomyosin coordinates organelle positioning and adhesion receptor dynamics in radially migrating cerebellar granule neurons.

Stem cell therapy is used to treat incurable diseases like Cerebral Palsy, Brain Hemorrhage and Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury & Paraplegia, Autism, Parkinsonism, Motor Neuron Disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Liver Diseases, Huntington's Disease, Chronic Kidney Diseases, Optic Neuritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebellar Ataxia and Friedrich Ataxia.

In cerebellar cultures from neonatal rats at postnatal day 1 (P1), approximately 90 % of the total cells were small neurons stained by anti-Tuj1 (neuron specific β3 - tubulin).

Almost all of these small neurons were identified to be cerebellar granule cells based on their morphology and that they were stained by anti-neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (Fig. 1A)[19].

The cerebellar cultures also contained a few large, Tuj1 - positive Purkinje neurons (about 1 %, arrow in Fig. 1A) and GFAP - positive astrocytes (about 5 %, Fig. 1A).

In Vivo Analysis of Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs and Rebounds in Deep Cerebellar Nuclear Neurons.

Discovered that the persistent sodium current, INaP, paradoxically amplifies afterhyperpolarizations and reduces the frequency (f / I) gain, and strongly modulates spike timing (Vervaeke et al., Neuron 2006); that Kv7 / M / KCNQ - type K + channels but not SK channels are essential for excitability control in hippocampal neurons (Gu et al., J Physiol, 2005); that Kv7 / M / KCNQ - type K + channels are essential for spatial learning and prevention of epilepsy (Nature Neuroscience 8: 51 - 60, 2005), that KCa1 / BK - type K + channels are essential for cerebellar learning and motor control (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 0474 - 8, 2004), the role of postsynaptic voltage-gated K + channels in regulation of synaptic plasticity (LTP) and integration (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:10144, 2002); that Kv7 / M / KCNQ - type K + channels are essential for intrinsic theta resonance in hippocampal neurons (J Physiol 545:783, 2002).

Abbreviations: AMPAR, AMPA receptor; AS, Angelman syndrome; BDNF, brain - derived neurotrophic factor; CaMKII, α - calcium / calmodulin - dependent protein kinase II; CGN, cerebellar granule neuron; co-IP, coimmunoprecipitation; DG, dentate gyrus; ERK, extracellular signal - regulated kinase; fEPSP, field excitatory postsynaptic potential; Gab1, Grb2 - associated binder 1; HFS, high frequency stimulation; IGF, insulin - like growth factor; LTP, long - term potentiation; PSD - 95, postsynaptic density protein - 95; SYN, synaptophysin; WT, wild type

From Neurons to Neuron Neighborhoods: the Rewiring of the Cerebellar Cortex in Essential Tremor

Cerebellar cortical abiotrophy: malformation of the neurons in the cerebellum, a part of the brain.

Cerebellar and extrapyramidal abiotrophy: a condition where the neurons in the cerebellum part of the brain and parts of the spinal cord are malformed and eventually malfunction.

This is in contrast to the cerebellar hypoplasias, in which developing cerebellar germinal cells and neurons are destroyed in utero.