No one can see much advantage in the rising seas, which are one of the most
certain effects of the warming projected during the coming decades.
Not exact matches
Because the Earth's climate has a
certain amount
of natural variability, and those natural cycles can have
warming and cooling
effects that last for a couple
of decades or even longer, Tebaldi said, it takes time to detect a change.
The certainty
of the forecasts is particularly important as
warming leads to shifts from temperate to subtropical drylands, which leads to changes in precipitation and soil moisture, which in turn has profound
effects on ecological services, provided to humanity, including the viability
of certain temperate agricultural systems.
Using the change in temperature from the last glacial maximum as a ruler, if the change in temperature from that is near 6 Kelvin, then 2 K
warmer than pre-industrial means a
certain level
of effects.
Unfortunately for policymakers and the public, while the basic science pointing to a rising human influence on climate is clear, many
of the most important questions will remain surrounded by deep complexity and uncertainty for a long time to come: the pace at which seas will rise, the extent
of warming from a
certain buildup
of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), the impact on hurricanes, the particular
effects in particular places (what global
warming means for Addis Ababa or Atlanta).
Let me try to be more explicit: if you want to assume (or, if you prefer, conclude) that aerosols produced by the increased burning
of fossil fuels after WWII had a cooling
effect that essentially cancelled out the
warming that would be expected as a result
of the release
of CO2 produced by that burning, then it's only logical to conclude that there exists a
certain ratio between the
warming and cooling
effects produced by that same burning.
Using the change in temperature from the last glacial maximum as a ruler, if the change in temperature from that is near 6 Kelvin, then 2 K
warmer than pre-industrial means a
certain level
of effects.
The climate system is already committed to a
certain amount
of warming from carbon dioxide emissions
of the past, but the worst
effects of global
warming can still be avoided.
Alternative, more indirect, but not for that reason ultimately not effective approaches must be developed, including «demonstration» projects which show that people working together an have a positive
effect on
certain contributors to
warming, including black soot produced by millions
of stoves that use dung for fuel.
Just as the theory
of relativity sets an upper limit on velocity, his theory sets an upper limit on the greenhouse
effect, a limit which prevents it from
warming the Earth more than a
certain amount.
Beginning in 2003, McKitrick, along with retired Canadian mining executive Stephen McIntyre, began to probe two aspects
of the research: the statistical method and the reliability
of certain tree - ring samples, which they charged exaggerated the
warming effect.
A task force
of the Ministry calculated that thanks to these alternative solutions, 120 million tons
of CO2 - equivalent (a figure for global
warming potential measuring how much
of a
certain greenhouse gas contributes to the greenhouse
effect) was eliminated in 2010.
He added that
certain processes, such as how clouds will respond to changes in the atmosphere and the
warming or cooling
effect of clouds, are uncertain and different modeling groups make different assumptions about how to represent these processes.
Somewhere recently I read that Ben Santer singlehandedly edited the scientists» report to IPCC so that, instead
of it reading as the scientists wrote it, to the
effect that they could NOT be
certain of human influence in global
warming, it read to the
effect that they WERE (at least «reasonably»)
certain of human influence.
If the negative
effects of climate change, the rising air temperatures, the changing precipitation, the prevalence
of extreme weather events, and the rising sea levels, become too disruptive or costly, we have the option to deploy
certain climate altering technologies to remove greenhouse gases directly from the air or reflect sunlight back out
of the atmosphere before it
warms the earth.
So apparently you are pretty much
certain that the rate
of anthropogenc CO2 - caused
warming over the past 5 or 6 decades would not = more than 50 %
of warming if projected on a centennial scale (so
certain that it would be «foolish» to think otherwise)... but the
effect that you do think is attributable to anthropogenic CO2 will obviously increase proportional to a greater rate
of CO2 emissions.
4 Greenhouse
Effect Certain atmospheric gases trap some
of the infrared radiation that escapes from the Earth, making the Earth
warmer than it would be otherwise.
However, it made
certain criticisms, in particular that there was an emphasis on worst - case scenarios and little mention
of the positive
effects of warming in some regions.
From a scientific point
of view the exact execution and framing could be criticized on
certain aspects (e.g. ECS is linearly extrapolated instead
of logarithmically; the interpretation that recent record warmth are not peaks but rather a «correction to the trend line» depends strongly on the exact way the endpoints
of the observed temperature are smoothed; the
effect of non-CO2 greenhouse gases is excluded from the analysis and discussion), but the underlying point, that more
warming is in store than we're currently seeing, is both valid and very important.
The reason is that without the cooling
effect of aerosols formed from
certain emissions, the models significantly overpredict
warming from greenhouse gases.
When even genuine climate scientists can not get a short article published, that tries make other climate scientists aware
of data that might have a slightly negative
effect on AGW theory (as in the CO2
warming might not be as bad as predicted by climate models), well, you know for
certain that climate science is no - longer functioning as a science.
It includes the cyclical long term patterns as well as the human influences (anthropogenic induced global
warming - which is one
of the
effects measurable in
certain places).
Written by thousands
of science, policy, and economics experts from around the world, the UN International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports represent a synthesis
of existing climate research knowledge, focusing on the evidence
of a
warming climate («virtually
certain»), the global impacts, and the ways we might avert its most catastrophic
effects.
The
warming of the oceans past a
certain threshold also has a detrimental
effect on coral reefs and the biota that live in and around them.
That made it 99 percent
certain that the greenhouse
effect was the cause
of this
warming.
Where the science is much less
certain is both, what is the scale
of the feedbacks and what are the consequences
of the total
effects (direct plus feedback)
of CO2
warming?
Symbiodinium trenchi, which normally occurs in very low numbers in the Caribbean, was able to take advantage
of the
warming event and become more prolific because
of its apparent tolerance
of high temperatures... the species appears to have saved
certain colonies
of coral from the damaging
effects of unusually
warm water.
The
warming could, under
certain circumstances, increase the sublimation, but the
effect of this on ablation is generally small, because
of the high energy required for sublimation.
Greenhouse
effect The insulating
effect of certain gases in the atmosphere, which allow solar radiation to
warm the earth and then prevent some
of the heat from escaping.
Karl Sandeman and his co-workers think that their material - a blend
of cobalt, manganese, silicon and germanium - could help to usher in a new type
of refrigerator that is up to 40 percent more energy - efficient than conventional models.The «magnetic fridge» envisaged by the Cambridge team would use a phenomenon called the magnetocaloric
effect (MCE), whereby a magnetic field causes
certain materials to get
warmer (a positive MCE) or cooler (a negative MCE).
Yes,
certain effects can reasonably be said to amplify
warming (ice albedo is probably one
of them) but there must exist negative feedbacks that tend to damp out temperature movements.
In fact, one almost
certain effect of global
warming will be an increase in the evaporation rate
of the oceans.
Stylish and more unusual than asphalt, these choices — particularly tiles — look best on
certain styles
of homes, such as Spanish or Mediterranean, and are found more often in
warm - weather regions (clay heats up slowly so it can have a moderating
effect on hot temperatures).