And you can order characteristics that you need, for example,
a certain electron flow direction or strength.
Not exact matches
For example, when
certain materials are cooled to frigid temperatures,
electrons team up so they can
flow uninhibited, without losing any energy at all — a phenomenon called superconductivity.
Thanks to quantum - mechanical effects, below a
certain critical temperature some materials become superconducting:
electrons flow through them unhindered by the usual electrical resistance.
Above a
certain critical temperature, the
electrons can move relatively easily through the material enabling the
flow of electrical current.
Silicon - based electronics has
certain limits, in the physical sense of the word: this type of circuit can never become «nano» because of the physical laws governing the
flow of
electrons.
In ordinary superconductors,
electrons — themselves fermions —
flow without friction, but only below a
certain critical temperature.