The new discoveries were made with the help of the radial velocity method, which looks for the periodic shifts of
certain spectral lines in a star's light that are caused by the gravitational tug of invisible planets which orbit the star.
For example, 59 Cygni is listed as
spectral type B1.5 Vnne, [34] indicating a spectrum with the general classification B1.5 V, as well as very broad absorption
lines and
certain emission
lines.