Completed in November, the transaction saw litecoin and bitcoin swapped on an off -
chain payment channel.
Fast forward to the fall of 2017 and this is exactly what transpired, with the first atomic swap between Litecoin and Bitcoin being successfully completed in an off -
chain payment channel.
This acts as a cross
chain payment channel that links the two chains.
The talk is likely to be notable as it is slated to be given by the creator of the Lightning Network, the best - known off -
chain payment channel network, but one that is envisioned for use on the bitcoin blockchain.
While there are plans to extend Raiden to generalized state channels and channels with multiple parties, this documentation concerns only off -
chain payment channels.
The idea is to take a lot of the load off the Bitcoin network by having users make transactions directly with each other through its off -
chain payment channels rather than through the public blockchain.
As off -
chain payment channels are a multi-faceted technology, Coleman's idea is a part of a swathe of research aimed at enhancing the top - level layer of blockchain networks.
The Lightning Network could allow Bitcoin to scale to 500 million users by using the blockchain's built - in scripting language to create off -
chain payment channels which can be confirmed instantly.
The Lightning Network utilizes smart contracts to create off -
chain payment channels, which results in less strain on the main network.
This will allow for off -
chain payment channels to be set up between two different Decred users and will allow them to transact much more efficiently.
Not exact matches
Actual results, including with respect to our targets and prospects, could differ materially due to a number of factors, including the risk that we may not obtain sufficient orders to achieve our targeted revenues; price competition in key markets; the risk that we or our
channel partners are not able to develop and expand customer bases and accurately anticipate demand from end customers, which can result in increased inventory and reduced orders as we experience wide fluctuations in supply and demand; the risk that our commercial Lighting Products results will continue to suffer if new issues arise regarding issues related to product quality for this business; the risk that we may experience production difficulties that preclude us from shipping sufficient quantities to meet customer orders or that result in higher production costs and lower margins; our ability to lower costs; the risk that our results will suffer if we are unable to balance fluctuations in customer demand and capacity, including bringing on additional capacity on a timely basis to meet customer demand; the risk that longer manufacturing lead times may cause customers to fulfill their orders with a competitor's products instead; the risk that the economic and political uncertainty caused by the proposed tariffs by the United States on Chinese goods, and any corresponding Chinese tariffs in response, may negatively impact demand for our products; product mix; risks associated with the ramp - up of production of our new products, and our entry into new business
channels different from those in which we have historically operated; the risk that customers do not maintain their favorable perception of our brand and products, resulting in lower demand for our products; the risk that our products fail to perform or fail to meet customer requirements or expectations, resulting in significant additional costs, including costs associated with warranty returns or the potential recall of our products; ongoing uncertainty in global economic conditions, infrastructure development or customer demand that could negatively affect product demand, collectability of receivables and other related matters as consumers and businesses may defer purchases or
payments, or default on
payments; risks resulting from the concentration of our business among few customers, including the risk that customers may reduce or cancel orders or fail to honor purchase commitments; the risk that we are not able to enter into acceptable contractual arrangements with the significant customers of the acquired Infineon RF Power business or otherwise not fully realize anticipated benefits of the transaction; the risk that retail customers may alter promotional pricing, increase promotion of a competitor's products over our products or reduce their inventory levels, all of which could negatively affect product demand; the risk that our investments may experience periods of significant stock price volatility causing us to recognize fair value losses on our investment; the risk posed by managing an increasingly complex supply
chain that has the ability to supply a sufficient quantity of raw materials, subsystems and finished products with the required specifications and quality; the risk we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or amortizable assets become impaired; risks relating to confidential information theft or misuse, including through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion; our ability to complete development and commercialization of products under development, such as our pipeline of Wolfspeed products, improved LED chips, LED components, and LED lighting products risks related to our multi-year warranty periods for LED lighting products; risks associated with acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures or investments generally; the rapid development of new technology and competing products that may impair demand or render our products obsolete; the potential lack of customer acceptance for our products; risks associated with ongoing litigation; and other factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended June 25, 2017, and subsequent reports filed with the SEC.
The Raiden Network, a project utilizing
payment channels to facilitate off -
chain transactions, has announced raidEX: the network's decentralized exchange built on Ethereum and Raiden's off -
chain state
channel technology.
A previous Bitcoin Magazine article provides a step - by - step explanation of a simple example where two users agree to swap agreed amounts of BTC and LTC and use the multisig and time lock features available in both Bitcoin and Litecoin basic scripting to synchronize two transactions on two independent blockchains without having to trust each other.It's worth noting that Lightning Network
payment channels, now enabled by SegWit, make atomic swaps more powerful and easier to implement, and permit adding support for off -
chain swaps.
Transaction are only saved onto the blockchain when a
payment channel is closed, so only the one total resultant
payment is visible on -
chain.
Raiden introduces the concept of
payment channels through a smart contract to enable secure off -
chain transfers that don't require blockchain consensus.
So basically, you are free to use the wallet on -
chain only, but if you wish to pay less fee and make instant
payments, just open one or more
channels and you'll be able to pay through Lightning.
Lightning Network (LN) is a protocol allowing for a series of off -
chain bidirectional
payment channels.
We've been looking at projects like
payment channels, off -
chain computation, trustless light clients and proof - of - stake blockchains.
In practice, the Lightning Network allows Bitcoin users to send transactions on an off -
chain network through
payment channels.
We've found a way of doing
chained payments across multiple
channels in a way that means the timelock is the same length regardless of how long the path is.»
Mass
channel closures during periods of low on -
chain contention probably won't be a big deal because nodes can simply re-establish a closed
payment channel with the same on -
chain transaction that closes it.
Larger block size is one way to improve transaction volume, but another strategy is to conduct
payments «off -
chain», that is, in private
payment channels between two or more parties where only the final balance is broadcast back to the main blockchain.
There is also another proposal, Segregated Witness (SegWit), which would be adopted through a soft fork and raise the block size ceiling to ~ 4 MB and also allow for further protocol improvements like Lightning Network which would reduce the burden on block size even further with off -
chain open
payment channels.
What if you need to make an on -
chain payment, but all of your coins are locked in the Lightning Network and you don't want to close your
channels?
Dorier added, «The Bitcoin blockchain provides the insurance to the user that they can't get their token confiscated while they are off -
chain in a
payment channel.»
State
channels allow for a
payment channels that are off
chain and allow for updates to any type of applications that have a change of state.
In addition to the newly open - sourced bitcoin and
Chain integrations, an Interledger transaction for a «relatively small» value was also conducted with Ripple's native currency, XRP, using both an XRP escrow and an XRP
payment channel.
LN opens «
payment channels» between parties who want to transact in private; when both actors decide to «close» the
payment channel, their data would be recorded on -
chain (instead of each individual transaction).
Then, as we start seeing
payment channel technology coming out and being production ready, we're going to see the promise of instantaneous, trustless, off -
chain transactions.
For those who are unfamiliar, the Lightning Network is a proposed method of conducting off -
chain bitcoin transactions using time - locked
payment channel smart contracts (BINGO!).
P2SH support, the same technology implemented in Counterparty that makes
payment channels possible, also makes on -
chain «atomic swaps» possible.
Like
payment channels on Bitcoin's Lightning Network, state
channels will be the off -
chain avenue through which users can conduct
payments, but they'll be open to additional network features, as well, «such as... creating, deleting or changing permissions on accounts.»
But
chain transactions also form the basis of more fancy bitcoin use cases, such as
payment channels.
Although the transactions take place off -
chain, the smart contracts will ensure that neither party can behave maliciously and remove the coins from the
payment channel without the other party's consent.
Other solutions to improve the scalability of Bitcoin
payments are being explored by multiple teams and devs around the globe, such as the
channels factories to help the re-balancing of
payment channels, Schnorr signatures and MAST scripts to reduce the size (while improving the privacy) of on -
chain settlement transactions and many other amazing proposals.
Payment channels are the building blocks of off -
chain scaling solutions, but alone they are not enough since they would require opening a
channel (and locking liquidity) with every person you want to do transactions with.
Similar to how the internet is built in layers, Lightning Network implementations create a new off -
chain, high - throughput layer to
channel near - instant
payments.
Last but not least is the TON
payments application which will allow for a micro
payment channel network which can provide for «instant off -
chain value transfers between users, bots, and other services ``.
In a nutshell, the LN uses smart contracts and
payment channels to make transactions happen off -
chain.
«Except in the case of disputes (similar to conventional
payment channels), our solution does not require on -
chain transactions and therefore increases the scalability of existing blockchains.»
The idea behind Lightning Network is to record their transactions off the
chain in something called a
payment channel.
However, one argument against Lightning is that it will take a very large amount of on -
chain transactions to create enough
payment channels for all the Lightning Network users.
The idea behind this on -
chain upgrade would allow micropayments as a
payment channel will be opened between two parties, which is recorded on the Blockchain.
Users with multiple
payment channels open - for example, one could stay open with a coffee shop, while another could pay for streaming TV - normally have to «rebalance» the
channel via on -
chain transactions every time a
channel runs out of bitcoin.
This would allow for the creation of private
payment channels that could take strain off of the network as transactions take place off
chain.
Lightning already uses this same technology to establish bidirectional
payment channels on top of a single blockchain, so it is no stretch to open
channels across two
chains.
Around the same time that the first
payment channels were proposed, others — including for example Bitcoin Core developers Peter Todd and Gavin Andresen — were thinking about off -
chain payment networks.
Bidirectional
payment channels allow network participants to pay each other off -
chain and only broadcast net positions to the network based on their business rules.
In short: Opening and closing a
payment channel on the LN requires an on -
chain transaction, but all transactions in the middle are confirmed instantly, with almost no fee, and with a very high degree of privacy.
The LN aims to move a bulk of the transactions off
chain via
payment channels, which will take a lot of pressure off the main blockchain and bring lower fees to all Bitcoin users.