Indeed, one
challenge for astronomers who want to study the properties of Kepler planets is that Kepler itself is often the best instrument to use.
This invisible stuff poses a big
challenge for astronomers: Since we can't see it, we can't measure it directly.
It's likely all these formation effects take place to some extent, but ferreting out just how much is now the big
challenge for astronomers.
The challenge for astronomers is to identify that fingerprint among the forest of spectral lines from all the other chemicals in the cloud.
It will be extremely
challenging for astronomers to directly see water vapor on those worlds, because it's too low in the atmosphere and shielded from telescopes.
Not exact matches
The European Space Agency's Euclid satellite, due
for launch in 2020, will set
astronomers a huge
challenge: to analyse one hundred thousand strong gravitational lenses.
Gathering all this mass in under 690 million years is an enormous
challenge for theories of supermassive black hole growth, explains Eduardo Bañados, an
astronomer at the Carnegie Institution
for Science who led the international team of scientists.
However, any country or international organization that would finance an instrument would most likely see a greater proportion of
astronomers from advanced countries flooding its observing time, which could pose a
challenge for international organizations such as the SKA.
New free software
for home computers based on an algorithm created through NASA's Asteroid Grand
Challenge has the potential to increase the number of new asteroid discoveries by enabling amateur
astronomers to analyse their own images.
Despite these observational
challenges,
astronomers have successfully spotted many thousands of such microlensing events as part of various comprehensive deep - sky surveys during the last couple decades which have monitored hundreds of millions of stars
for many years at a time, like the MACHO Collaboration project, the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics, or MOA, and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, or OGLE.